Saving the human race: environmental sustainability
Théodore H MacDonald, Noël A Kinsella, John A Gibson in The Global Human Right to Health, 2018
We have already observed that it is practically impossible to ‘repack’ carbon once it has been released into the environment. Methods of capturing it and storing it underground – usually in space once required by oil or gas – have been elaborated, but at present they are prohibitively expensive. Another approach could be to develop technologies by which coal can be burned with greater efficiency (with more of the carbon being used to create heat, and less released). Encouraging progress in this regard has already been made over the past two or three decades, and includes the following. Washing the coal to reduce the sulphur content. This means that when it is burned, it releases far less sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ash. The production of sulphur dioxide produces a terrible environmental deficit. When it combines with water vapour, it forms acid rain.Precipitation, like the famous Cottrell precipitation, electronically captures up to 99% of the ash that rises up the flumes in factories.Flue gas desulphurisation can reduce sulphur dioxide release by up to 97%. This process is already routinely used in developed countries, but due to the expense involved is still largely absent in such large coal-producing countries as China.
Traditional Beliefs and Practices Regarding Pregnancy of Acehnese Woman: A Qualitative Approach
Teuku Tahlil, Hajjul Kamil, Asniar, Marthoenis in Challenges in Nursing Education and Research, 2020
This study involved data collection with Focus Group Discussion (FGD), conducted to explore the perceptions of pregnant women about the cultural beliefs and behaviors related to the pregnancy in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia in 2019. The FGD was chosen as a method of data collection in this study because this method allowed deep exploration to achieve the purpose of the study. Each participant could also support and clarified the views and opinions of other participants so that it can be known the strength of the statements stated. This research method extracted the conscious ideas, where they were correctly felt or believed by the participants.
Dirty methods as ethical methods?
Celia Lury, Rachel Fensham, Alexandra Heller-Nicholas, Sybille Lammes, Angela Last, Mike Michael, Emma Uprichard in Routledge Handbook of Interdisciplinary Research Methods, 2018
Given that the project involved six researchers and other personnel in three separate countries, to ensure the stability of fieldwork across the continent, very few novel or unconventional methodologies were encouraged in the pursuit of data. The following example of an adaptation of the conventional FGD illustrates the ways in which the research teams on this project were compelled by local circumstances to adopt alternative methods, the manner in which the blog facilitated discussion of these innovations, and the drawbacks as well as the potentialities, of such initiatives.
Field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Comprehension of this revised, draft guideline was clear among participants. Drinking water was described as important, but a challenge due to its unpopular taste, especially in winter and for fear of consuming contaminated water in the informal areas. ‘Safe water’ was described as boiled, cooled water that has been kept covered, the City of Cape Town water supply and treated/purified water. Structural and financial access to water was an issue for some informal and lower income formal participants. ‘For example, in my area people are still fetching water, people in the rural areas don't have toilets, and people make use of the open spaces, so when it's raining that dirt descends to the river. So, there are people educating other people about the fact that water must be boiled then put a little bit of Jik [strong cleaning bleach containing calcium hypochlorite]. Many people suffered … and were hospitalised because of water.’ (FGD 1, participant 1, Informal, IsiXhosa)
The use of occupation-based intervention among Malaysian occupational therapists: A focus group discussion
Published in World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 2023
Aisyah Ahmad, Padma A. Rahman, Kounosuke Tomori, Farahiyah Wan Yunus, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Ahmad Zamir Che Daud
The participants’ statements about using occupation as a means and an end indirectly alluded to their understanding of the OBI concept, Occupation is the goal of our intervention. When we are setting up an intervention, the outcome must be occupation. At the same time, we will use the occupation itself as an intervention for clients. (PP 7, FGD 2)A participant in FGD two explicated her understanding of the OBI concept by associating the OBI with the associative elements of OBI, as follows, From my understanding, it can be either bottom-up or top-down approaches, but the outcome is the occupation. (PP 8, FGD 2)The benefits of OBI. The participants had experienced several benefits of OBI throughout their practice. These are viewed as the facilitators for its practice.
An explanatory mixed methods study on the validity and validation of students’ assessment results in the undergraduate surgery course
Published in Medical Teacher, 2018
Omayma Hamed, Husain Hamza Jabbad, Omar I. Saadah, Mahmoud S. Al Ahwal, Fatin M. Al-Sayes
Based on the study by Creswell and Plano Clark (2007), the utilized strategy for data mixing is analyzing each type of data separately and then connecting them to answer different aspects of the research questions. Different methods for data collection (students’ records and FGD) and different sources of data (faculty, students, and records) were used, to not only validate the results of quantitative analysis, but also to help in expanding the body of evidence on the validity of assessment results (Mertens 2010). One of the drawbacks of using FGD is its purposive sample, hence the difficulty to generalize its results, which may not represent the opinion of the larger target population (Al-Wassia et al. 2015). This negatively impacted the external validity and generalizability of results. This is partially compensated by the quantitative data which is retrieved for the whole population of students; and mutually FGDs are conducted to complement the evidential basis to advocate the validity of the assessment results (Figure 1).
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- Snox Process