Neurotoxicity of Pesticides
Ana Maria Osorio, Lynn R. Goldman in Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illnesses from the International Conference on Pesticide Exposure and Health, 2017
Fipronil, an insecticide widely used for structural and veterinary applications, also acts by binding to GABA receptors and increasing neuronal excitability.34 Human toxicity data is very limited regarding this relatively new chemical, but the presenting characteristics of seven cases were summarized by Muhamed et al.35 The taxi drome (i.e., the constellation of signs and symptoms that suggest a specific class of poisoning) included vomiting, agitation, and convulsions. Medical records review identified three patients with tonic clonic seizures. Two patients had non-sustained convulsions, and one died from continuous, uncontrollable seizures.
Agrochemicals: A Brief Overview
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide with moderate mammalian toxicity (LD50 in rat: oral, 97 mg/kg; dermal, >2000 mg/kg) and a high selectivity for target species. Fipronil acts as a blocker of the GABAA-gated chloride channel, binding to a site different from that of organochlorine insecticides. In insects, it also blocks glutamate-activated chloride channels, which are not present in mammals (101). Relevant effects in case of acute poisoning are seizures (102).
Comparative toxicological evaluation of carvacrol, acetylcarvacrol anda fipronil-based pesticide in human blood cells
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Isaac Filipe Moreira Konig, Aline Chaves Reis, Mariana Aparecida Braga, Dirceu De Sousa Melo, Erika Aparecida Oliveira, Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles, Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi, Rafael Neodini Remedio, Silvana Marcussi
Pesticides are agrochemicals used to protect crops against harmful pests, weeds or diseases as well as humans and other animals from vector-borne diseases. An average of 2 million tons of these chemicals are used globally each year in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas (Syafrudin et al.2021). Among various pesticides, fipronil stands out for being one of the most widely used, systemic and broad-spectrum insecticide (Singh et al.2021). However, exposure to this chemical can trigger adverse health outcomes, which is mainly due to its ability to cross the blood brain barrier inducing neurotoxicity in rodent models (Cravedi et al.2013). Additionally, this chemical can cause cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis (Park et al.2021). Moreover, fipronil is highly toxic to aquatic organisms (Eadie et al.2020) as well as non-target insects, including pollinators (Farder-Gomes et al.2021). Thus, its use has been prohibited in some countries due to its high toxicity.
Neurotoxic responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to fipronil: multi-biomarker approach to illuminate the mechanism in brain
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Arzu Uçar, Fatma Betül Özgeriş, Veysel Parlak, Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin, Esat Mahmut Kocaman, Gonca Alak, Muhammed Atamanalp
Fipronil (FP) is a broad spectrum and a systemic insecticide used to control insect pests in urban and agricultural areas. Fipronil, which enters their ecosystem by flowing or seepage from soil into streams, has to moderate persistence in aquatic environments (Beggel et al.2012, Chagnon et al.2015, Menezes et al.2016, Qureshi et al.2016, Gupta and Anadón 2018). This insecticide acts on the central nervous system of insects by selectively binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) gated chloride channels and antagonizing the effect of GABA. Gripp et al. (2017) reported that fipronil and its metabolites are highly toxic to rainbow trout. In this case, GABA receptor inhibition causes central nervous system toxicity by disrupting the chloride ion control of the neuronal signal (Stehr et al.2006). It has been reported that the application of fipronil in aquatic organisms (in vivo or in vitro); not only cause toxicity on DNA, lipids and proteins but also it has neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and cytotoxic effects (Badgujar et al.2016, Wang et al.2016).
Toxicity of fipronil on rat heart mitochondria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Enayatollah Seydi, Leila Mehrpouya, Hadiseh Sadeghi, Shabnam Rahimi, Jalal Pourahmad
Fipronil (FPN), as a synthetic chemical compound, is a phenyl pyrazole pesticide that is used to control a wide range of pests in various fields such as agriculture and veterinary (to control of ticks and fleas that infest domestic animals), and also public health. FPN is an effective insecticide and can control pests at a low dose (Ferreira et al.2012, Badgujar et al.2015, Gill and Dumka 2016, Menezes et al.2016, Wang et al.2016). FPN is very effective in the control of pests that are resistant to other insecticides (de Oliveira et al.2012). Also, it is available in several formulations (de Oliveira et al.2011). Studies have shown that FPN can cause a wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals through extensive and incorrect use, and accidental exposure (Badgujar et al.2015, Khan et al.2015, Badgujar et al.2016, Wang et al.2016). It has been shown that FPN metabolites are several times more toxic than FPN (Ferreira et al.2012). One of the most important mechanisms that FPN causes toxicity is through the generation of ROS (Ki et al.2012, Park et al.2013, Mossa et al.2015, Abdel-Daim and Abdeen 2018). The excessive release of ROS results in damage to the mitochondria and the integrity of the cell membrane (Ki et al.2012). It has been shown that FPN induces apoptosis signaling with an increase in the generation of ROS (Badgujar et al.2015, Badgujar et al.2016, Romero et al.2016).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Central Nervous System
- Chloride Channel
- Gabaa Receptor
- Insecticide
- Ligand
- Phenylpyrazole Insecticides
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channel
- Gabaa Receptor
- Flea
- Flea Treatments
- Pesticide Resistance