The Effects of Tin Compounds on Cell Growth and Development*
Nate F. Cardarelli in Tin as a Vital Nutrient:, 2019
The toxicity of dissolved inorganic tin compounds toward estuarine bacteria varied noticeably with the nature of other compounds present, particularly chelating agents such as 3-hydroxyflavone (flavonol), which enhanced the toxicity.9 We tested the effect of this compound and the two chelating agents 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the toxicity of dimethyltin dichloride. Flavonol and EDTA enhanced the toxicity; 2-amino-2-methylpropane-l,3-diol showed no effect.
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug in Acute Pain Management, 2021
Because of its rapid onset, rapid metabolism, and short duration of action, chloroprocaine has been primarily used in obstetric epidural analgesia or regional anesthetic techniques for day surgery (Tonder et al, 2020). Neurotoxicity, with motor and sensory deficits, has followed accidental subarachnoid injection; the antioxidant sodium bisulfite in the anesthetic solution has been implicated as the cause. This has been replaced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, usually abbreviated as EDTA, in recent formulations.
Global Regulation of Preservatives and Cosmetic Preservatives
Philip A. Geis in Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
“Green” Party Issues—The environmentalist or green political parties are generally against all preservatives but they especially dislike formaldehyde and all halogen-containing products. These groups also do not approve of the use of ethylene oxide and ingredients such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) that are not readily biodegradable.
Do the joint effects of size, shape and ecocorona influence the attachment and physical eco(cyto)toxicity of nanoparticles to algae?
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh, Daniel Arenas-Lago, Petr Porcal, Renato Grillo, Peng Zhang, Zhiling Guo, Martina G. Vijver, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
Chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are organic molecules with two or more electron donor groups. They are capable of effectively binding polyvalent metal ions, such as Au, due to their affinity for metal ions (Flora and Pachauri 2010). The chelating potential of EDTA has been previously documented for Au-ENPs (Dozol et al. 2013). In biological or environmental media, the EDTA could bind on the one hand to ENPs and on the other hand to various chemical compounds available in the media (Bonvin et al. 2017). Herein, we used EDTA to facilitate the separation of the strongly bound Au-ENPs from the surface of the cells. In this study, the ENPs that were associated with the surface of algal cells that could not be removed using the PBS washing process referred to as strongly attached ENPs. The resulting algae suspensions from the previous steps (after removing the loosely attached Au-ENPs) were treated with 5 mL of 0.02 M EDTA for 20 min to bind the Au-ENPs, which were strongly attached to the cell walls, with the EDTA complex (Wang et al. 2011a). The concentration of the EDTA was optimized using some Pre-tests. The suspensions were vortex mixed for 10 min. The obtained suspensions were centrifuged (4000 rpm at 4 °C) for 10 min and the supernatants were separated to remove the EDTA-ENP complexes. The supernatants were used for measuring the concentration of the strongly attached Au-ENPs to the cell wall by measuring the Au concentration in the supernatant using ICP-MS.
Collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) extracts
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Romchat Chutoprapat, Waraporn Malilas, Rattikarl Rakkaew, Sarinporn Udompong, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), tyrosinase from mushroom, tyrosine linoleic acid, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, quercetin and direct red 80 (Sirius red) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco-Invitrogen (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Kojic acid, picric acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL) (Maharashtra, India). Ferrous chloride (FeCl2), ferric chloride (FeCl3), aluminium chloride (AlCl3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were all acquired from VWR Chemicals BDH, Radnor (Pennsylvania, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was from Global Chemie (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). Ferrozine was from TCI, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. All solvents were analytical grades.
Probing paracellular -versus transcellular tissue barrier permeability using a gut mucosal explant culture system
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2019
E. Michael Danielsen, Gert H. Hansen
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; Figure 1) is a widely studied paracellular-acting PE by virtue of its ability to sequester divalent metal cations,12 and it is characterized as a first generation tight junction (TJ) opener.6,13 TJs are multimolecular protein complexes situated between adjacent enterocytes, strongly attaching them to one another so that only passage of water and low molecular weight solutes is permitted.14,15 They present the main obstacle for drug permeation via the paracellular route although permeability through TJs can be modulated by physiological stimuli that operate via regulation of the contractility of the so-called perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) to which TJs are intimately connected.16,17 Control of PAMR tension by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylation of its substrate is thought to be dependent upon protein kinase C, the activation of which leads to phosphorylation (thereby causing inactivation) of MLCK and subsequent relaxation of PAMR.18
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