Pharmacological Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur in Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Structurally, dopamine agonists can be classified into ergoline derivatives which are the ergot alkaloids (bromocriptine, pergolide, lisuride, and cabergoline), nonergoline derivatives (pramipexole, piribedil, and ropinirole), and the aporphines (apomorphine). Most of these agonists possess an ethanolamine moiety incorporated within their chemical structures (Fig. 6.1) (Deleu et al., 2002). Dopamine agonists act by their ability to stimulate directly, dopaminergic receptors. Currently, there exist at least five distinct dopamine receptors (D1 to D5), but are usually classified as D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) due to the lack of a selective agonist for each distinct receptor (Vallone et al., 2000). Principally, adenylate cyclase-associated D1 receptors are located on intrastriatal neurons. D2 receptors, however, are present mainly at axons of the descending corticostriatal tract and are not associated with adenylate cyclase, and may even inhibit its activity. These two aforementioned receptors are believed to be postsynaptic while D3 receptors are considered partially pre- and postsynaptic (Deleu et al., 2002).
Antibodies and Antisera
Lars-Inge Larsson in Immunocytochemistry: Theory and Practice, 2020
In spite of these limitations, antigen-coated beads have served well in many investigations. They are also very frequently used in solid-phase absorptions. A description of their preparation is given in the Appendix. It should be noted that following addition of the antigen to the beads, many unoccupied reactive sites may still occur on them. These sites must be blocked in order to prevent covalent binding of subsequently applied reagents (e.g., antibodies). Such blocking of cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose® may be carried out with either an inert protein, amino acids, or ethanolamine. The use of ethanolamine is strongly advocated for this purpose. Thus, a bulky protein may cause steric hindrance, and amino acids will introduce carboxyl groups, thereby turning the beads into an ion exchanger.
Human Skin Xenografts to Athymic Rodents as a System to Study Toxins Delivered to or Through Skin
Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach in Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Because ethanolamine, a nucleophilic compound, accelerates the hydrolysis of some chemical warfare agents it is under consideration as an agent to decontaminate skin. Following the topical application of ethanolamine to mouse skin or human skin on the mouse very similar amounts of 14C ethanolamine appear to be absorbed when expired CO2 is analyzed. Only a small amount was lost from the skin by evaporation. The bulk of the dose remained in the epidermis for the 24-h period following application. Radiometric and enzymatic assays showed that ethanolamine enhances the hydrolysis of topically applied diisopropylfluorophosphate.45
Biomolecular assembly on interdigitated electrode nanosensor for selective detection of insulin-like growth factor-1
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Yan Gu, Lijie Liu, Jian Guo, Shun Xiao, Fang Fang, Xiaoyun Yu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Jianlie Wu, Xunqiang Liu
IGF1, IGF2 Anti-IGF1 were procured from Sino Biological (China). Al-coil, Phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Al-etching solution, and 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and human serum were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Ethanolamine was received from Fisher Scientific (UK). Biotinylated-aptamer for IGF1 detection was synthesized and received from the local supplier. The original aptamer sequence (5′-ATACGGGAGCCAACACCAGATGCGAGGACGGTGGGTGGGAGGGTGGAGGTCTCGAGAGCAGGTGTGACGGAT-3′) was adopted from the earlier report [29]. For the control experiment, the non-complementary sequences of the aptamer (5′-TATGCCCTCGGTTGTGGTCTACGCTCCTGCCACCCACCCTCCCACCTCCAGAGCTCTCGTCCACACTGCCTA-3′) were prepared. Silica wafer was received from Mallinckrodt Baker (USA). Resist developer and positive photoresist were purchased from Futurrex Inc. (USA).
Hybrid nanocarrier system for guiding and augmenting simvastatin cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Mohammed Sedki, Islam A. Khalil, Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny
In this proposed method, ethanolamine was used for two main reasons; first, to elevate the pH of the medium to form the oxides. Second, to act as a good capping agent for fulfilling the very small size needed for this work and stabilizing the formed NPs. The size and morphology of the prepared particles were assessed using TEM imaging as in Figure 2(d), which shows that the prepared NPs are spherical with sizes around 10 nm as an average. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image in Figure 2(d) inset, shows the crystalline nature of the prepare SPIONS. The magnetic properties were measured by VSM at room temperature and illustrated by the hysteresis loops in Figure 2(f), which showed good magnetism with a specific saturation magnetization (Ms) at 63.5 emu/g. These good results can be attributed to their small sizes, which decrease the oxygen content and increase iron content, as discussed earlier by Thapa et al. [40]
Preparation and evaluation of tumour microenvironment response multistage nanoparticles for epirubicin delivery and deep tumour penetration
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Jialing Dai, Shangcong Han, Fang Ju, Mei Han, Lisa Xu, Ruoyu Zhang, Yong Sun
tBAM was synthesized according previous procedure [19]. Ethanolamine was dissolved in 100 ml, 1 M, NaOH, and stirred. Then, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O) was dissolved in 50 ml 1,4-diethylene dioxide added into ethanolamine solution, reaction 48 h. Termination reaction with water addition and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The organic phase was washed with saturated salt water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulphate. After vacuum drying, a yellow oil product, Boc-ethanolamine, was obtained. Boc-ethanolamine and triethylamine were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2, pre cooling in an ice water bath for 20 min and nitrogen protection, under magnetic stirring condition by dropwise addition of methacryloyl chloride and sealing. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water, 10% citric acid and 10% K2CO3, sat.NaHCO3 and brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The product was purified by recrystallization from CH2Cl2/hexane to give the product.
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