“How do I look?”
Alan Bleakley in Educating Doctors’ Senses Through the Medical Humanities, 2020
While technical medical capabilities informing clinical judgement must be in place, what the doctor ‘gives off’ in terms of display or efflorescence goes well beyond the mechanics of disease diagnosis and management. Here, we can learn from the biologist Adolf Portmann (1897–1982) who encourages us to suspend a dominant functional or instrumental biology (what is an animal display – such as ‘camouflage’ – ‘for?’) to focus on ‘non-functional’ self-display or ‘aesthetic forming’ (birds sing mainly not for territorial or mating purposes but for the sheer sake of singing – for ‘pleasure’ or aesthetic self-display; dolphins engage in exuberant play just for the sake of it; 90% of deep sea creatures can give off beautiful bioluminescences that cannot be ‘seen’ by many of their fellow creatures, which do not possess the necessary optical apparatus). What then do doctors ‘give off’, as ‘aesthetic self-display’, and is this important in the overall mix of activities constituting medical judgement and intervention (diagnosis and illness management)? Can doctors too be bioluminescent (and who is looking?), or are they generally dull and dulling as producers of insensibility?
The Decadence of Medical Science
Arturo Castiglioni in A History of Medicine, 2019
The almost constant threat of death caused by these diseases, against which all methods of cure were useless, and which struck down the youngest and most robust, was demoralizing to the highest degree. The prostrate condition of the country following these epidemics necessarily gave free rein, as is always the case at the time of great scourges, to superstitions and credulities, especially among the ignorant elements of the population. It removed confidence in physicians; and, as a result of phenomena which were periodically repeated in their essential characteristics, led people toward a blind faith. It is precisely at this period that we see a new efflorescence of magic and mysticism. An anguished and fearful search for supernatural aid is a phenomenon common to children, sick people, and primitive races when they find themselves the victims of grave disasters.
Immunisation Against Infection
Sir Arthur Newsholme in Evolution of Preventive Medicine, 2015
Case I. Joseph M. had cow-pox 1770. Inoculated several times with small-pox 1795. No effect.Case II. Sarah P. Cow-pox 1765. In 1792 nursed smallpox children and was inoculated in both arms. No effect.Case III. John P. at age 9 had cow-pox. At age 62 inoculated with small-pox. No effect, except “an efflorescence.”Case IV. Mary B. Cow-pox in 1760. Inoculated with small-pox 1791. No effect.Case V. Mrs. H. Cow-pox in early life. Inoculated 1778. No effect.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis ecuadorica extract in phthalic-anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 transgenic mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Bo Ram Song, Su Jin Lee, Ji Eun Kim, Hyeon Jun Choi, Su Ji Bae, Yun Ju Choi, Jeong Eun Gong, Jin Kyung Noh, Hye Sung Kim, Hyun-Gu Kang, Jin Tae Hong, Dae Youn Hwang
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a well-known chronic inflammatory skin disease induced by various trigger factors, including food and inhalant allergens, microbial antigens, and self‐antigens (Wollenberg and Feichtner 2013; Roesner et al. 2016). Abnormal phenotypes such as itchiness, efflorescence, inflammation, redness, and small blisters on the skin are widely detected as signs and symptoms of the disease (Hiromi et al. 2004). During AD pathogenesis, the inflammatory immune response involves regulation of the humoral and the cellular immune system through T lymphocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes (Werfel et al. 2016). Especially, immune reactions induced by Th2 cells [related with interleukin (IL)-4, Il-5, IL-13, IL-31 and CCL18 secretion] and IL-22-producing T (T22) cells (related with IL-22 and S100A secretion) have been characterized in chronic AD (Czarnowicki et al. 2014; Oliva et al. 2016), whereas manifesting immunoglobulin (Ig) E autoreactivity is determined to be engaged in the development and severity of AD (Tang et al. 2012; Cipriani et al. 2014). Among the Th2 mediators, IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines play a key role in the acute and chronic stage of AD pathogenesis. These cytokines mediate the inflammatory responses in lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and non-hematopoietic cells through regulation of numerous cytokines related to the allergic response (Junttila 2018). Therefore, the regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines is considered one of the key indicators for determining the therapeutic effects of natural products in inflammatory skin diseases.
Re-Placing Objects
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2018
Francisco J. González
And yet, in a certain way, the Freudian project always has located the human as a kind of efflorescence of the nonhuman. The Freudian drive is a kind of monstrous entity, really: primordial, brutal, and indiscriminate, seeking only satisfaction. It cares little for the human “object.” Indeed, the term object in psychoanalysis originally referred specifically to the object of the drive, and, as Freud made clear in the “Three Essays on Sexuality” (1905), the drive cares little whether this object is human—or animate for that matter (a shoe will do). Today when we say “object” we mean a person to whom one has an attachment, or to the internalized psychic structuration predicated on that attachment that now functions with a life of its own; but that use came later, through our emphasis on the relational, in a somewhat more domesticated psychoanalysis, perhaps.
Amoxicillin-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis: systematic review
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2023
Ana V. Pejcic, Milos N. Milosavljevic, Marko Folic, Diana Fernandes, João Bentes, Miralem Djesevic, Slobodan Jankovic
Long-term consequences (sequelae) were reported in 10 of 54 patients who survived (18.5%) and more frequently in younger patients (8 of 10 had 30 years or less). A 17-year-old boy had slow healing of corneal abrasions with pseudomembranes and symblepharon, along with persistent dryness [39]. An 18-year old girl at the 1-year follow-up had maintained a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 in each eye, advanced symblepharon, severe lid margin complications, moderately dry eyes and an intact ocular surface with the help of soft bandage contact lenses, while 2-year-old girl at 5-month follow-up had mild lid margin complications, minimally dry eyes and the vision of 20/25 in each eye [55]. A 3-year-old girl had three long-term sequelae: dysphagia as a result of a long esophageal stricture requiring gastrostomy followed by serial retrograde esophageal dilatations, bilateral blindness secondary to severe corneal abrasions and residual skin hyperpigmentation with scattered scarring [40]. A 37-year-old woman developed progressive cholestatic jaundice resembling sclerosing cholangitis also related to amoxicillin with permanent scarring and dilatation of the intra-hepatic bile ducts, while 6 weeks after initial TEN presentation, TEN threatened to recur after ciprofloxacin use for a urinary infection [20]. An 18-year-old girl had residual skin efflorescence [49], a 30-year-old woman [31] and 54-year-old woman [32] had hyperpigmentation, while a 2-year-old boy had asthenia, phimosis in addition to marked hyperpigmentation [36]. A 26-year-old woman had severe ocular problems with permanently reduced visual acuity and recurrent ingrown eyelashes and visible facial scarring accentuated by variable pigmentation in the affected areas [58].
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