Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan in Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Newer chemical compounds, such as bemotrizinol, avobenzone, bisoctizole, benzophenone-3 (BZ-3, oxybenzone), and octocrylene, are broad-spectrum agents and are effective against a broad range of solar spectrum both in experimental models and outdoor settings. Ecamsule (terephthalylidene dicamphor sulphonic acid), dometrizole trisiloxane, bemotrizinol, and bisoctrizole are considered organic UVA sunscreening agents. Nevertheless, insect repellents, such as picaridin and N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), have been incorporated into sunscreening agents to minimize the risk of developing insect-borne infections. Picardin was found to be a more suitable component than DEET when used along with BZ-3, as it minimizes the penetration of chemicals (Latha et al., 2013).
Photoprotection
Henry W. Lim, Herbert Hönigsmann, John L. M. Hawk in Photodermatology, 2007
Photostable filters have also been developed. Four are available in many parts of the world: methylene-bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutyl-phenol (bisoctrizole; Tinosorb® M), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (bemotrizinol; Tinosorb® S), terephthalidene dicamphor sulfonic acid (ecamsule; Mexoryl® SX), and drometrizole trisiloxane (silatriazole; Mexoryl® XL). As of 2006, all except silatriazole are undergoing the approval processes in the United States, and ecamsule has now been approved.
Sunburn
Charles Theisler in Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Sunscreen or Sunblock: Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5% or its esters in ethyl alcohol or in a cream or gel are quite effective in helping to prevent sunburn from ultraviolet B rays. Sunscreens with SPF rating at 15 or higher are recommended. Fair-skinned people need an SPF rating of 30 or more. For protection against ultraviolet A rays, it is recommended to use a sunscreen that contains at least one of the following: ecamsule, avobenzone, oxybenzone, titanium dioxide, sulisobenzone, or zinc oxide.2
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
The innovation and discovery of new sunscreen ingredients is the scope and direction which leads to the development of enhanced sunscreen formulations. Several new sunscreen agents are already under review for the approval of the US FDA (Table 2). It is interesting to know that most of these ingredients have been in the market in the European Union, Canada and Australia for many years. Many ingredients are increasingly used in combination of already approved sunscreen ingredients, e.g. drometrizole trisiloxane (UVB protectant), silatriazole (UVA2) is used in combination, and act synergistically with ecamsule which results in the increase of sun protection factor (99). Three UVB filters which are found to be very promising contenders are methyl benzylidene camphor, ethylhexyl triazone and isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate and are likely be added soon to the FDA sunscreen monograph. Diethylhexyl butamido triazone and bisdisulizole disodium are also very eligible to be considered by the FDA in the near future.
Dispelling myths about sunscreen
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Sabrina Lichon Bennett, Amor Khachemoune
The U.S. FDA regulates sunscreen products and classifies them as over-the-counter drugs. In 2019, FDA proposed a new rule describing which sunscreen ingredients are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) (41). The two ingredients found in physical sunscreens, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, are currently classified as GRASE as studies have shown them to be safe and not systemically absorbed (41–43). Two ingredients that are not GRASE include PABA and tolamine salicylate, which you cannot find in any sunscreen sold in the United States (3,42). Some ingredients found in chemical sunscreens do not have sufficient data yet to determine their GRASE classification, and the proposed rule asks for more data to be provided to the FDA before ruling on their GRASE classification (41). Since the proposed rule, there have been two studies looking at the systemic absorption of certain chemical sunscreens (44–45). The first study looked at the systemic levels of four chemical UV filters (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, and ecamsule) after maximal use conditions (application four times a day), while the second study looked at systemic levels of seven chemical UV filters (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate) after single application. Both studies found systemic levels of these UV filters exceeded the FDA threshold for safety testing (plasma concentration >0.05 ng/mL) under both protocols (44–45). While these ingredients are systemically absorbed, the FDA has not ruled these ingredients unsafe and does not explicitly say to stop using sunscreens with these ingredients as there is not enough data on the health effects of these ingredients (3). If individuals are concerned about the possible health effects of these ingredients, we recommend choosing physical sunscreen as the current studies show them to be safe (38–39).
Sunscreen: a brief walk through history
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Madeeha Drissi, Emily Carr, Chad Housewright
2019: Matta and colleagues’ study in JAMA details the application of four commonly available sunscreens on healthy volunteers that resulted in plasma concentrations above the exceeded level established by the FDA for waiving nonclinical toxicology studies for sunscreen. The active ingredients included in the study are avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, and ecamsule. This study has served as a catapult for the need for further studies to determine the significance of these findings.21
Related Knowledge Centers
- Avobenzone
- Octocrylene
- Organic Compound
- Pyrimidine Dimer
- Sunscreen
- Ultraviolet
- International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients
- Drometrizole Trisiloxane
- Photoisomerization
- Photoexcitation