Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji in Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Significant progress has been made in the field of cancer therapies, but the mortality rate remains high. This strongly demands further research. As mentioned earlier, current cancer therapies, such as surgery on many occasions, are unable to completely remove all cancer cells in the human body; chemotherapy and radiotherapy show severe toxic side effects on normal cells. Recently, there has been significant progress in the application of nanotechnology in diagnosis and therapeutics (Niemeyer and Mirkin 2004; McNeil 2011; Baetke et al. 2015; El-Sayed and Kamel 2020). The field wherein nanomaterials are used in diagnostic or therapeutic applications is known as nanomedicine (Brewer et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2010). Different kinds of nanoparticles, such as polymeric (Amreddy et al. 2017; Afsharzadeh et al. 2018), carbon nanotubes (Li and Al-Jamal 2021; Riley and Narayan 2021), liposomes (Lawrie et al. 2013; Edwards et al. 2015), metallic (Ma et al. 2019; Peng and Liang 2019; Kim et al. 2021), ceramic (Huang et al. 2011; Thomas et al. 2015), semiconductor (Zhu et al. 2017) etc. Many of them have proved their potential inefficient diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools for cancer. The need for the development of novel drug-delivery systems resulted in several innovative delivery systems using the nanotechnology approach. In the present chapter, emphasis is given to nano-delivery approaches for antiviral agents in cancer therapy.
Introduction
Dilip M. Parikh in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
For both small molecules and biopharmaceuticals, more sophisticated drug delivery systems are being developed to overcome the limitations of conventional forms of drug delivery systems (e.g., tablets and intravenous [IV] solutions), problems of poor drug absorption, noncompliance of patients, and inaccurate targeting of therapeutic agents. Futuristic drug delivery systems are being developed, which are hoped to facilitate the transport of a drug with a carrier to its intended destination in the body and then release it there. Liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, and modified viruses are being considered to deliver “repair genes” by IV injection to target the respiratory epithelium in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. These novel drug delivery systems not only offer clear medical benefits to the patient but can also create opportunities for commercial exploitation, especially useful if a drug is approaching the end of its patent life. Particle engineering is a term coined to encompass means of producing particles having a defined morphology, particle size distribution, and composition. Particle engineering combines elements of many others, including chemistry, pharmaceutics, colloid science, mass and heat transfer, aerosol and powder science, and solid-state physics.
Delivery of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using Nanoparticles
Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Overall, carrier-based drug delivery is compatible with the physicochemical characteristics of APIs where the carriers are often designed to increase the load ability of APIs, reduce their side effects, and protect the API against host conditions. Encapsulation of APIs in carrier-based vesicular or particulate systems is often used to preserve the API physicochemical properties. This encapsulation is an innovative and alternative approach to minimize APIs side effects and maintain their efficacy. Furthermore, microencapsulation has been employed in the production of microspheres, manufactured with biocompatible polymers, that can entrap both hydrophilic or hydrophobic APIs [66–68]. Oftentimes, an additional factor for using these carriers is the ability to control the release of the API, and hence maintain effective therapeutic API levels over specified periods of time while minimizing systemic absorption of the APIs [67, 69]. The different classes of drug delivery systems are also summarized in Fig. 5.4.
Affinity-controlled capture and release of engineered monoclonal antibodies by macroporous dextran hydrogels using coiled-coil interactions
Published in mAbs, 2023
Seyed Farzad Baniahmad, Romane Oliverio, Ines Obregon-Gomez, Alma Robert, Anne E.G. Lenferink, Elena Pazos, Nick Virgilio, Xavier Banquy, Gregory De Crescenzo, Yves Durocher
We recently reported the design of an affinity-controlled capture and delivery system from a macroporous dextran hydrogel for two growth factors.15 In this work, the Kcoil peptide was conjugated to the surface of macroporous templated dextran hydrogels, with a macropore size in the 100 µm range and high (>95%) macropore interconnectivity. These Kcoil-functionalized hydrogels were used for the loading and subsequent release of Ecoil-tagged epidermal- and vascular endothelial growth factors (EGF, VEGF). We have shown that this highly tunable platform is able to deliver a bioactive Ecoil-tagged EGF up to 96 hours post-loading in a cell proliferative assay.15 Results from this work provide promising perspectives on controlled drug delivery systems. The use of a macroporous platform, where protein diffusion is controlled by the E/K affinity pair and mainly occurs in the macropore network of the gel rather than in the hydrogel mesh, suggests a versatile delivery system for different therapeutic proteins, regardless of their size.
Liposomal drug delivery to the lungs: a post covid-19 scenario
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
S. Swathi Krishna, M. S. Sudheesh, Vidya Viswanad
In comparison to other routes, the pulmonary route of drug delivery provides high localized delivery of drugs to the lungs and the respiratory tract and a quick onset of action. This is due to a high surface area and vascularity of pulmonary epithelium with decreased enzymatic activity. Lipid-based nanocarriers are found to be superior to other drug delivery techniques in the treatment of respiratory disease (Zhao et al. 2022). Drug delivery systems should be tailored to the biological conditions of each disease to be safe and effective (Puri et al. 2009). This review focuses on the developmental aspects of lipid-based delivery systems that cater to the pulmonary intervention of recent and most common COVID-19 infections. The development of lipid-based delivery systems that address the pulmonary complications of the prevalent COVID-19 infection and infections of such magnitude is the main focus of this review.
3D-printed implantable devices with biodegradable rate-controlling membrane for sustained delivery of hydrophobic drugs
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Camila J. Picco, Juan Domínguez-Robles, Emilia Utomo, Alejandro J. Paredes, Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto, Dessislava Malinova, Ryan F. Donnelly, Eneko Larrañeta
Implantable devices can be prepared using a wide variety of techniques, including hot-melt extrusion, injection molding, and 3D-printing (A. S. Stewart et al., 2018; Domsta & Seidlitz, 2021; Z. Wang & Yang, 2021). The use of 3D-printing technologies has been widely explored for the manufacture of a wide range of drug delivery systems such as implantable devices, oral dosage forms, or suppositories (Mathew et al., 2019; Awad et al., 2020; Domínguez-Robles et al., 2020; Melocchi et al., 2020; S. Stewart et al., 2020; S. A. Stewart et al., 2020; Borandeh et al., 2021). Moreover, this family of technologies has the potential to produce structures of precise shapes from a 3D model by deposition of material in a layer-by-layer fashion, thus providing the ability to manufacture patient specific implantable devices (Chen et al., 2017; Martin et al., 2021). The high degree of flexibility and controllability of this approach could be used to produce a tailored and accurate treatment regime designed to exactly match the individual patient and condition to be treated (Khaled et al., 2014; S. Stewart et al., 2020; S. A. Stewart et al., 2020; Domínguez-Robles et al., 2021).
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