Thoughts, Functions, Brains and Boosters
Aaron C. T. Smith, Bob Stewart, Kate Westberg, Constantino Stavros in Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Substances, 2018
This chapter offers a review of performance and image enhancing drugs and substances (PIEDS) that can be employed for cognitive enhancement. Cognitive enhancers are popularly referred to as 'nootropics'. The most commonly used prescription drugs for cognitive enhancement include: modafinil; psychostimulants such as methylphenidate or mixed amphetamine salts including dextroamphetamine; and drugs such as donepezil that are used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Stimulants that can elicit some sort of cognitive effect on athletes go beyond modafinil and methylphenidate, and can be grouped in a myriad of ways. Broadly speaking, the application of nootropics and associated cognitive enhancement remains relatively unexplored for sporting advantages. Cognitive enhancers that facilitate greater learning and memory capability should be invaluable in almost every sport given the complexities of performance execution through technical analysis, enhanced coaching and kinesiology. Elite athletes must make numerous micro-decisions under intense pressure and, for the most part, are trained to revert to their 'muscle-memory'.
Donepezil
Louis A. Pagliaro, Ann Marie Pagliaro in PNDR: Psychologists’ Neuropsychotropic Drug Reference, 2020
This chapter discusses donepezil, a neuropsychotropic drug. It presents the approved indications of the drug for neuropsychological disorders, usual dosage and administration, available dosage forms, storage, and compatibility, and the mechanism of action. Information on relative contraindications, clinically significant drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and overdosage is also provided. Sold under the trade name Aricept ® , donepezil is prescribed for mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Donepezil appears to enhance cholinergic function among patients who have this disease by inhibiting the metabolic degradation of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. This inhibition of acetylcholine degradation, in turn, increases the concentration of acetylcholine at its sites of action along the cholinergic neuronal pathways. Donepezil pharmacotherapy has been commonly associated with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Pharmacology
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat in MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Donepezil – piperidine derivative, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
Donepezil + chromone + melatonin hybrids as promising agents for Alzheimer’s disease therapy
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Irene Pachón-Angona, Bernard Refouvelet, Rudolf Andrýs, Helène Martin, Vincent Luzet, Isabel Iriepa, Ignacio Moraleda, Daniel Diez-Iriepa, María-Jesús Oset-Gasque, José Marco-Contelles, Kamil Musilek, Lhassane Ismaili
We describe herein the design, multicomponent synthesis and biological studies of new donepezil + chromone + melatonin hybrids as potential agents for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. We have identified compound 14n as promising multitarget small molecule showing strong BuChE inhibition (IC50 = 11.90 ± 0.05 nM), moderate hAChE (IC50 = 1.73 ± 0.34 μM), hMAO A (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.12 μM), and MAO B (IC50 = 21.29 ± 3.85 μM) inhibition, while keeping a strong antioxidant power (3.04 TE, ORAC test). Consequently, the results reported here support the development of new multitarget Donepezil + Chromone + Melatonin hybrids, such as compound 14n, as a potential drug for AD patients cure.
The effect of donepezil on the cognitive ability early in the course of recovery from traumatic brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2018
Kelsey A. Campbell, Richard E. Kennedy, Robert C. Brunner, Sean D. Hollis, Ross A. Lumsden, Thomas A. Novack
Objective: To investigate the effect of donepezil on cognitive ability in patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, would enhance cognitive recovery beyond that of usual care in an acute rehabilitation facility. Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal analysis included 55 patients who were non-randomly prescribed donepezil during acute care and compared them to 74 patients who received usual rehabilitation treatment. All 129 patients completed neuropsychological assessment at two time points. Donepezil was increased from 5 to 10 mg 7–10 days after initiation and maintained until follow-up cognitive assessment. Main outcomes: Primary cognitive abilities of interest included processing speed, attention and memory. Cognitive and functional abilities were assessed by a standard neuropsychological battery for TBI. Results: Propensity scores were used to adjust for differences between groups. Mixed effect model analysis showed no significant differences between treatment and control groups on all neuropsychological subtests over time. Conclusions: Acute administration of donepezil did not significantly improve measures of cognitive or functional ability beyond that of treatment as usual in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI.
A Brief Report on the Efficacy of Donepezil in Pain Management in Alzheimer's Disease
Published in Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 2014
Helen Gharaei, Hamidreza Shadlou
Alzheimer's disease is an advanced dementia. In this disease, little by little the brain loses most of its functions. Pain is a prevalent complaint. It seems easing the pain had the better recovery to antipsychotic drug in controlling agitation in dementia patients. Donepezil is a drug that is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. This brief report describes an 83-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease who experienced boredom and changes in attitude for about 1 year and complained about general pain in her extremity. Starting donepezil controlled the patient's symptoms. As soon as the treatment started, all pain was dramatically eliminated and her behavior improved. Donepezil may be effective in controlling the pain and improve the outcome of these patients.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Alzheimer Disease
- Dementia
- Piperidines
- Cyclopentanes
- Indans
- Indenes