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Introduction to bowel management
Published in Victoria A. Lane, Richard J. Wood, Carlos A. Reck-Burneo, Marc A. Levitt, Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery, 2017
Victoria A. Lane, Richard J. Wood, Carlos A. Reck-Burneo, Marc A. Levitt
As the name suggests, these medications soften the stool. Polyethylene glycol is an osmotic laxative, drawing water into the bowel lumen.Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is an anionic detergent that has been shown to stimulate water and electrolyte secretion.Soft/mushy stool can be difficult to feel and empty. In anorectal malformation patients, stool softeners should not be used.
Marine biofilm bacterial community response and carbon steel loss following Deepwater Horizon spill contaminant exposure
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Rachel L. Mugge, Jason S. Lee, Treva T. Brown, Leila J. Hamdan
CEWAF was prepared according to Forth et al. (2017). Briefly, 2 l of seawater were added to each of two, 2 l aspirator bottles and set on a stir plate at 200 RPM to create a 25% vortex. Macondo source oil (1.996 g) was added to the bottles using a gas-tight syringe. Stir plates were turned to 85 RPM and Corexit 9500A (17.3 µl in each) was added. Bottles were stirred for 18–24 h and then settled for 3–6 h. The resulting CEWAF was analyzed as above for PAHs and by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC – MS/MS) for dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a marker compound for Corexit 9500 residue. HEWAF and CEWAF stock solutions were stored in the cold room where microcosms were established for 1 h to allow fractions to acclimate to in situ conditions prior to addition. For oil and dispersed oil treatments, 80 ml of seawater were removed from each triplicate tank and replaced with 80 ml of HEWAF and CEWAF, respectively. The final concentration of oil in both oil and dispersed oil treatments was 5 mg l−1. The final concentration of Corexit 9500A in the dispersed oil treatments was 0.05 mg l−1.
Efficacy of lofexidine for mitigating opioid withdrawal symptoms: results from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Published in Journal of Drug Assessment, 2020
Danesh Alam, Carlos Tirado, Mark Pirner, Thomas Clinch
Study drug was dosed QID in both studies: lofexidine 2.88 mg/day (0.72 mg QID), lofexidine 2.16 mg/day (0.54 mg QID) and placebo in Study 1 (randomized 3:3:2) and lofexidine 2.88 mg/day (0.72 mg QID) and placebo in Study 2 (randomized 1:1). Lofexidine or placebo was dosed at 8 am, 1 pm, 6 pm, and 11 pm. The following supportive medications were allowed by protocol: guaifenesin, antacids, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, psyllium hydrocolloid suspension, bismuth sulfate, acetaminophen, and zolpidem. Any additional medications required approval by the Sponsor’s medical monitor before administration.