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Contested Histories
Published in Kevin Bardosh, One Health, 2016
The drugs (notably diminazene aceturate (mostly for chemotherapy), isometamidium chloride (for chemoprophylaxis) and homidium salts (for chemotherapy)) are reasonably effective and relatively easy to administer, and especially as generics very cheap.11 This can be, advocates argue, a livestock owner-led solution, delivered through agro-vets and the private sector drug companies, and so not reliant on large-scale government-led control campaigns, at least for animal trypanosomiasis. A unique mass treatment campaign for cattle has also been used to control the zoonotic parasite in Uganda.12
Evaluation of the non-clinical toxicity of an antiparasitic agent: diminazene aceturate
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira, Ana Paula dos Santos C. L. da Silva
There has been an expansion of pharmacological studies on the antiparasitic agent diminazene aceturate by several research groups in the last decade and few have addressed toxicological parameters (Oliveira and Freitas 2015). Therefore, the development of research to clarify its toxicological profile is important. The present study presents the single dose toxicity results of diminazene aceturate in Swiss mice using other experimental models. Being a veterinary drug listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), diminazene aceturate is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3–7 mg/kg in several species of animals infected with Trypanosoma parasites, and at these doses few clinical effects of toxicity are observed in domestic animals and the clinical signs resulting from the infection are suppressed within 24 hs (Silva et al.2009, Oliveira et al. 2014).
Could a specific ACE2 activator drug improve the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2? A potential pharmacological insight
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Lucas A. D. Nicolau, Isabela R. S. G Nolêto, Jand V. R. Medeiros
Diminazene aceturate (Dize: C14H15N7 · 2C4H7NO3; Molecular Weight: 515.5 g/mol; PubChem CID: 5,284,544) is an old antiparasitic used primarily in animal clinical practice that activates ACE2. Dize is an aromatic diamidine that was first described in 1955 and has been originally developed for therapeutic approach in controlling trypanosomiasis, its IUPAC name is 2-acetamido acetic acid; 4-[2-(4-carbami midoylphenyl) iminohydrazinyl] benzene carboximidamide [22]. Nevertheless, in recent years, this drug has been extensively studied with regard to its therapeutic potential and manifold effects; this pleiotropy for pharmacology development has consequently attracted palpable interest in drug repositioning [22]. Actually, several studies have shown that Dize may influence positively other physiological conditions in different tissues ACE2+. In addition to activating ACE2, this drug stimulates the protective axis of the RAS, leading to the cleavage of Ang II. ACE2 metabolizes Ang II to Ang-(1–7) and thus counter regulates the deleterious effects of Ang II [23].
Metal nanoparticles restrict the growth of protozoan parasites
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi, Nthatisi Innocentia Molefe, Oluwakemi Josephine Awakan, Charles Obiora Nwonuma, Omokolade Oluwaseyi Alejolowo, Tomilola Olaolu, Rotdelmwa Filibus Maimako, Keisuke Suganuma, Yongmei Han, Kentaro Kato
Lastly, we sought to evaluate the anti-Trypanosoma efficacy of the NPs in vivo by using a rat model of experimental infection. However, the results were not promising (Figure 7); there was no appreciable decline in the parasite burden for the NP-treated animals compared with the untreated control. Although it appeared that the NPs were trypanostatic, the NP treatments failed to clear the systemic parasite burden and consequently the animals succumbed to their infections in a manner comparable to the fate of the negative drug control group. However, diminazene aceturate treatment (3.5 mg/kg bw) not only reduced the systemic parasite burden but also significantly extended the survival time of the animals.