Adulteration of Essential Oils
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
ISO standard 3053 shows character and data for this oil. Pure oils possess as marker the compound nootkatone from traces up to 0.8%, depending on the fruit status. This compound is used for blending, together with n-octanal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, and synthetic citral. Adulteration is performed by orange terpenes and distilled grapefruit residues from expression and limonene—80°. Detection must be done exclusively by multidimensional enantiomeric separation. Dugo and Mondello (2011) published the following chiral data: (R)-(−)-α-pinene (0.3%–0.8%):(S)-(+)-α-pinene (99.2%–99.7%); (R)-(+)-β-pinene (62.0%–76.8%):(S)-(−)-β-pinene (23.2%–38.0%); (R)-(+)-sabinene (98.4%–98.5%):(S)-(−)-sabinene (1.5%–1.6%); (S)-(−)-limonene (0.5%–0.6%):(R)-(+)-limonene (98.4%–98.5%); (R)-(−)-linalool (32.0%–43.0%):(S)-(+)-linalool (57.0%–68.0%); (S)-(−)-citronellal (16.6%–21.4%):(R)-(+)-citronellal (57.0%–68.0%); (S)-(−)-α-terpineol (1.2%–3.3%):(R)-(+)-α-terpineol (96.7%–99.8%); and (S)-(+)-carvone:(R)-(−)-carvone 34.8%.
Bottom-Up Cell Culture Models to Elucidate Human In Vitro Biomarkers of Infection
Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig in Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Though there are several pathways likely involved in VOC production, VOCs that can be used to distinguish between cell types (or cell states, e.g., infected or uninfected) likely vary based on allelic differences. In a study of cultured B cells, Aksenov et al. (2012) showed that single gene differences reproducibly change the VOC profiles seen. B cells were transfected with different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which code for a variety of downstream metabolic products. In a comparison of around 14 distinct compounds, both metabolite differences and abundance differences reproducibly distinguished between 6 cell lines. Though the compounds and the biochemical pathways of origin were not identified, this was one of the first studies to show that gene expression differences lead to a change of VOC profiles. As HLA genes are involved with host immune response, VOC profiling of HLA gene activation has important implications for the detection of cancer, infection, and non-infectious inflammation. Peled et al. (2013) studied cultured cancer cells with genetic mutations known to be associated with specific, targeted therapies (e.g., EML4-ALK, EGFRmut, and KRASmut). Though the study was small, specific VOC patterns of five metabolites (e.g., trimethylamine, toluene, styrene, benzaldehyde, and decanal) distinguished between cell types. The use of VOCs for cellular genetic differences could ultimately lead to more specific therapies that obviate the need for tissue biopsy.
Biochemical Aspects of Fatty Liver
Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull in Hepatotoxicology, 2020
Among them, some are saturated (hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, decanal, propional, etc.), while others are unsaturated (hexanal, nonenal, decenal, etc.). A special class is formed by the 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-unsaturated aldehydes, the most represented of which are 4-hydroxy-nonenal, first identified by Benedetti et al. (1982), 4-hydroxy-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-undecenal, and 4-hydroxy-octenal, in magnitude order. Adihydroxy-2,3-trans-unsaturated aldehyde has been also identified as 4,5-dihydroxydecenal.
Multifunctional fluorescent titania nanoparticles: green preparation and applications as antibacterial and cancer theranostic agents
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Mina Masoudi, Mansour Mashreghi, Elaheh Goharshadi, Azadeh Meshkini
The Bradford protein assay is one of the popular spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the quantity of protein in a solution [9]. First, a standard curve of bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) as a reference protein, was obtained by plotting the absorbance value versus different concentrations. For this purpose, Bradford reagent (1 mL) was added to the suspension of different concentrations of the BSA (50–400 μg/mL), incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The absorption of the samples was recorded with UNICO S2100 UV spectrophotometer (Unico, Shanghai, China) at 595 nm. The different concentrations of the FTN (1 and 2 mg/mL) were analogously treated and the relevant protein concentration was determined by extrapolation of the standard curve. The HTN was used as a negative control. The fluorescence/photoluminescence spectra of both samples were recorded on RF-1501 spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The activity of the luciferase enzyme was investigated using decanal as an aldehyde [10]. For this purpose, the prepared decanal suspension (5 μL) was added to the suspension of samples (50 μL, 4 mg/mL) and the amount of emitted light was measured at interval 10 min using luminometer FB12 (Berthold, Bad Wildbad, Germany). The HTN was considered as a control.
A systems approach for institutional CBME adoption at Queen’s University
Published in Medical Teacher, 2020
Denise Stockley, Rylan Egan, Richard Van Wylick, Amber Hastings Truelove, Laura McEwen, Damon Dagnone, Ross Walker, Leslie Flynn, Richard Reznick
The CBME Executive Team was created in 2015 to ensure readiness for implementation and met on a weekly basis until the launch and continues to meet quarterly. This team includes Decanal, Academic, Curricular, Assessment, Faculty Development, Scholarship, Program Evaluation and Resident Leaders. Our initial meetings included representation from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. This group provided, and continues to provide, leadership across postgraduate medical education at Queen’s University and externally with community partners in relation to our CBME implementation. Thus, an early task of this group was to identify key stakeholders to ensure that the multitude of needs across various groups were met.
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