Specific Therapy for Leukemias
Tariq I Mughal, John M Goldman, Sabena T Mughal in Understanding Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas, 2017
Daunorubicin is an anthracycline that acts directly by inhibiting cell growth by blocking the action of the enzyme topoisomerase II. Drugs which inhibit this powerful enzyme prevent repair of broken strands, resulting in cell death. It gives the urine a harmless reddish color which may persist for 24 to 48 hours, following the administration of the drug. It has several common side-effects including nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow depression, which are discussed in chapter 11. On rare occasions, it can also damage the heart muscle, particularly if given in a large amount. Specialists are therefore careful not to give too large a dose, or they may use an experimental drug concomitantly, such as Cardioxane, which functions as a cardioprotectant. Other efforts to minimize this effect have resulted in the recent introduction of a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin, Doxil, in clinics.
Applications of Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems to Cancer Therapy
Mansoor M. Amiji in Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
The drugs most frequently incorporated and evaluated in liposomal formulations are anthracyclines, including doxorubicin and daunorubicin. The choice of doxorubicin by many of the early research groups examining the role of liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy stems from its broad spectrum of anti-tumor activity on the one hand, and its disturbing cumulative dose-limiting cardiac toxicity. Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin and daunorubicin cause acute toxic side effects, including bone marrow depression, alopecia, and stomatitis, and they are dose limited by a serious and mostly irreversible characteristic cardiomyopathy.35 The first study describing the encapsulation of anthracyclines into liposomes appeared in 1979. Work from various research groups followed soon after, supporting the general principle that liposomal formulations reduced the toxicity of anthracyclines in animal models.37
Anti-Tumor Activity of Verbascoside-Loaded Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Traditional chemotherapy drugs, for instance, doxorubicin, cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, and daunorubicin, have limited and poor specificity, high toxicity, and have resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant diseases. Traditional plants, on the other hand, that are relatively nontoxic to normal cells and less likely to cause resistance, have attracted great attention from researchers. The proposed study sheds light on the fact that verbascoside has selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells (Fig. 10.5) [44]. VB augmented the oxidative stress, besides suppressing MMPs and modulating the immune response in tumor cell lines, while it was not cytotoxic in normal physiological cells. In addition, it had the ability to enhance the cytotoxic effect of various chemotherapy agents through the sensitization of chemoresistant cancer cells (Table 10.3).
Evaluation of nanoscaled dual targeting drug-loaded liposomes on inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry channels of brain glioma
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Hong-Jun Xie, NorBu Zhan-Dui, Jing Zhao, A. G. A. Er-Bu, Pu Zhen, DongZhi ZhuoMa, Tre Sang
Daunorubicin is widely used in treating a variety of cancers. The underlying mechanism that daunorubicin takes effects is mainly by interfering DNA and RNA synthesis in the cellular nuclei [21]. Rofecoxib is a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor, which is used for the treatment of inflammations. Increasing evidence has exhibited that rofecoxib could inhibit the formation of VM channels in the tumour tissues [22]. In this study, a type of dual targeting drug-loaded lipid vesicles was developed by modifying the liposomes with two functional materials, TPGS1000–GLU and DSPE–PEG2000–GGPFVYLI. The constructed nanoscaled liposomes could be transported across the BBB by via receptor-mediated endocytosis and adsorptive mediated endocytosis, thereby eliminating brain glioma by triggering their necrosis and apoptosis.
Hyaluronic acid modified daunorubicin plus honokiol cationic liposomes for the treatment of breast cancer along with the elimination vasculogenic mimicry channels
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2018
Rui-Jun Ju, Lan Cheng, Xiao Qiu, Shuang Liu, Xiao-Li Song, Xiao-Ming Peng, Teng Wang, Cui-Qing Li, Xue-Tao Li
Honokiol (HNK) is an active component isolated and purified from the roots, stem bark or seed cone of the Chinese traditional herb Magnolia officinalis. Honokiol exhibits strong antithrombosis, antibacterial and anxiolytic effects [18]. In addition, HNK has been used to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells [19]. Recent studies have shown that HNK exhibits potent anticancer activities including anti-angiogenesis and inhibition on cancer cell invasion [20]. Daunorubicin is a typical cytotoxic agent, which is widely used in treating a variety of cancers including leukaemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and lung carcinoma, as well as several sarcomas [21]. The underlying mechanism of daunorubicin is associated with the intercalation into double-stranded DNA, which leads to the inhibition of the process of duplication and transcription of mRNA as well as DNA damage by the inhibition of topoisomerase II [22]. Recent studies reveal that treatment with daunorubicin may lead to numerous serious side effects [23].
Octreotide-modified liposomes containing daunorubicin and dihydroartemisinin for treatment of invasive breast cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Rui-Jun Ju, Lan Cheng, Xiao-Ming Peng, Teng Wang, Cui-Qing Li, Xiao-Li Song, Shuang Liu, Jian-Ping Chao, Xue-Tao Li
Daunorubicin, known as a systemic chemotherapy agent, is one of the most effective cytotoxic drugs in treating solid cancers including breast cancer [17]. Daunorubicin action effects are mainly attributed to DNA replication suppression, cell apoptosis induction and generating free radicals [18]. However, the major obstacles of daunorubicin in clinical cancer therapy are the poor tumor selectivity and severe side effects [19]. Originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua, dihydroartemisinin is recommended as a first-line antimalarial drug. Recent studies have revealed that the dihydroartemisinin shows antitumor efficacy and selective cytotoxicity to various human tumors including breast cancer [20,21]. The antitumor effects of dihydroartemisinin are related to inducing apoptosis, modulating tumor-related genes, blocking angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis [22]. Moreover, the dihydroartemisinin also exhibits remarkable inhibiting effect on the EMT [23]. Octreotide (OCT) is an octapeptide analog of somatostatin (SST) that has a higher affinity with somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which are widely expressed on cell membranes in various tumors including breast cancer [24]. Therefore, OCT may be used as a specific-targeting ligand to enhance the delivery of antitumor drugs into tumor cells through SSTRs-mediated endocytosis.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chemotherapy
- Cancer
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Intravenous Therapy
- Liposome
- Liposomal Daunorubicin
- Bone Marrow Suppression