Chemopreventive Agents
David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz in Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
β-Cryptoxanthin (Figure 12.40) is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment found in many plant-based foods such as fruits from the genus Physalis (e.g., groundcherries), orange rind, apples, oranges, nectarines, tangerines, peaches, carrots, red peppers, pumpkins, butternut squash, peas, and many other fruits and vegetables, where its consumption has led to reports of anticancer effects, although the potential mechanisms involved are not clear. It is also found in butter and egg yolk, thus adding to the dietary intake. In its pure form, cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic luster which is highly lipophilic, and freely soluble in chloroform and benzene. It has been used as a food dye (INS number 161c) in some parts of the world. Structurally, it is closely related to β-carotene, differing only in the addition of a 3R-hydroxyl group. It contains β-ionone rings and so has provitamin-A activity.
Vitamin A
Judy A. Driskell, Ira Wolinsky in Sports Nutrition, 2005
The major sources of vitamin A in our diet include the easily absorbed retinyl esters found in foods of animal origin, and the provitamin A carotenoids from fruits and vegetables, which usually have low bioavailability. Among 600 known carotenoids3 about 50 are consumed by humans in their diet, but only a few serve as precursors for vitamin A. The most abundant provitamin A carotenoids are β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin.4 β-Carotene is the predominant carotenoid in orange-colored fruits and vegetables (carrots, pumpkin, squash, sweet potato, apricots, mango), as well as dark-green vegetables (spinach, collards, broccoli). Carrots, pumpkin and squash are also rich in α-carotene, while β-cryptoxanthin is found mainly in tangerines, orange juice, red peppers and persimmons.5 The nutritional value of provitamin A carotenoids in the human body is based on their conversion rate to vitamin A, which depends on food matrix, presence of dietary fat, efficiency of absorption and health of the subjects.6
Nutraceuticals and Brain Disorders
Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi in Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Corn’s commitment to heart wellbeing lies in its fiber, however, in the critical measures of folate that corn supplies. Corn keeps up the homocysteine, a middle of the road item is a significant metabolic procedure called the methylation cycle. Homocysteine is straightforwardly in charge of harm of vein coronary episode, stroke, or fringe vascular malady. It has been assessed that utilization of 100% of the daily value (DV) of folate would, without anyone else, diminish the quantity of coronary failures endured by 10%. Corn additionally contains cryptoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid color. It has been discovered that cryptoxanthin can lessen the danger of lung malignant growth by 27% on everyday utilization.
Encapsulation of Nutraceutical Ingredients in Liposomes and Their Potential for Cancer Treatment
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Sayantani Dutta, Jeyan Arthur Moses, C. Anandharamakrishnan
β-Cryptoxanthin is one of the major carotenoids in yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. It has also been associated with anticancer activity against lung, bladder, breast, and colon cancer (36). β-cryptoxanthin liposomes have been reportedly formulated by researchers to enhance its anti-proliferative activity against human leukemia K562 cell line, when contesting the non-encapsulated compound (36). The results indicated that nanoliposomal formulation enhanced (P < .001) the anticancer efficacy of β-cryptoxanthin in comparison to its free form, in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Hoechst staining of K562 cells treated with β-cryptoxanthin illustrated that nanoliposomal β-cryptoxanthin had increased cellular apoptosis, evident by nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Therefore, the β-cryptoxanthin liposome can be used for leukemia therapies in the future.
Association of Serum Carotenoids and Retinoids with Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Prostate Cancer or Clinical Indication for Biopsy in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Susan Chadid, Xiaoling Song, Jeannette M. Schenk, Bora Gurel, M. Scott Lucia, Ian M. Thompson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Phyllis J. Goodman, Howard L. Parnes, Scott M. Lippman, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Elizabeth A. Platz
We sought possible non-causal explanations for the positive association between β-cryptoxanthin and the presence and extent of inflammation. The number of biopsy cores or slides assessed did not differ among tertiles of β-cryptoxanthin or by the presence of inflammation and the results were unchanged when adjusting for number of biopsy cores or slides assessed. The results were also similar after adjusting for baseline PSA, PSA velocity, and after excluding the 17 men whose biopsy was performed for clinical indication [any vs. none, T2: 2.47 (1.02, 5.98), T3: 2.43 (1.05, 5.60)]. The results were similar after restricting to men without select oxidative states [any vs. none OR (95%CI): not current smokers (N = 222) – T2: 1.79 (0.82, 3.90), T3: 2.81 (1.20, 6.57); not diabetic (N = 214) – T2: 2.47 (1.04, 5.85), T3: 1.76 (0.79, 3.93)].
Factors determining the oral absorption and systemic disposition of zeaxanthin in rats: in vitro, in situ, and in vivo evaluations
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Seong‑Wook Seo, Dong‑Gyun Han, Eugene Choi, Min‑Jeong Seo, Im‑Sook Song, In‑Soo Yoon
Figure 1 shows the UV‑Vis light absorbance spectra of zeaxanthin and IS. Zeaxanthin exhibited maximum light absorbance at ∼450 nm. A YMC carotenoid C30 column (YMC KOREA Co., Ltd.) was employed as the stationary phase of the present method, as it has been recognized as one of the most representative and effective HPLC columns for carotenoid analysis. The mobile phase containing MTBE was selected based on previous studies on the bioanalytical analysis of various carotenoids, including zeaxanthin (Stinco et al. 2019; Boulet et al. 2020), and its gradient elution was fine‑tuned when other factors, such as sample pre-treatment procedures and IS, were optimized. Several carotenoids, such as β‑carotene, β‑cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, were screened for their potential use as IS. Among these, the β‑carotene peaks were best separated from zeaxanthin and other endogenous plasma component peaks, exhibiting sufficient light absorbance at the same wavelength as that used for the detection of zeaxanthin. The solvent precipitation‑reconstitution method was used to pre-treat the biological samples. Various organic solvents, such as acetonitrile, methanol, MTBE, ethyl acetate, and their mixtures, were tested. As a result, the methanol/MTBE/ethyl acetate mixture provided a low matrix effect and sufficient zeaxanthin recovery.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Benzene
- Carbon Disulfide
- Carotenoid
- Pyridine
- Vitamin A
- Xanthophyll
- Physalis
- Β-Carotene
- Hydroxy Group
- Chloroform