Ethnomedicinal Plants of Subalpine and Alpine Region of Uttarakhand Himalaya
T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur in Ethnobotany of India, 2017
Alpine screes (Taturi bugyals): These are characteristic of areas above 4,000 m amsl, where ground is composed of dry exposed rocks. The vegetation is dominated by Rheum webbianum (locally Taturi). Other associated species includes Euphorbia stracheryi, Rheum australe, Saussurea oboval- lata, S. gossypiphora, Pleurospermum densiflorum, etc. Sunny slopes (Bas bugyals): Dominated by the species Saussurea graminifolia (locally referred to as bas), along with the other associated species such Ranunculus sp., Delphinium sp., Corydalis sp., Draba sp., Sisymbrium sp., Arenaria sp., Impatiens sp., Geranium sp., Potentilla sp., Saxifraga sp., Astragalus sp., Pleurospermum sp., other Saussurea sp., Gentiana sp., Swertia sp., along with various sedges and grasses, form extensive and continuous stretch flower laden pasture. Shaded slopes (Bishan): Alpine shaded slopes usually harbor numerous medicinal herbs, which are more often than not dominated by the species of Aconitum, chiefly A. atrox, other important species are heterophyllum, A. violaceum, Angelica glauca, Pleurospermum.
Medicinal Plants of Central Asia
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Corydalis ledebouriana Kar. & Kir. (Papaveraceae) (Khokhlata, (Russian) Havoboronak (Tajik)) is native to Central Asia, including Afghanistan, Kingjiang Uygur (China), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2019). In Tajik traditional medicine, it is recommended as a calming and sleep-inducing agent, for treating obesity and female disorders (Sharopov and Setzer, 2018). The plant is a good source of phthalide-isoquinoline alkaloids (corledine, ledeboridine, ledeborine, lededorine, lederine, raddeanine, sibiricine) and berberine alkaloids (dihydrochelerythrine, sanguinarine, Figure 4.6) (Dictionary of Natural Products, 2019).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Corydalis yanhusuo is a genus of about 470 species of herbaceous plants in the Papaveraceae family, native to the temperate zones of Asia and eastern Africa. Corydalis Rhizoma, named Yuan Hu in China, is the dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo. This species has been used for centuries in Chinese and Korean schools of medicine for pain relief. Recent studies utilizing modern experimental and statistical methods have confirmed the pain-relieving effects of corydalis. Indeed, the herb appears to be as effective as the NSAID diclofenac for osteoarthritis pain, with fewer adverse side effects.1
Bioactivation of herbal constituents: mechanisms and toxicological relevance
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Bo Wen, Peter Gorycki
Mechanism-based inactivation and MI complex formation of CYP3A4 by MDP-bearing lignans from Acanthopanax chiisanensis (Yoo et al. 2008) and Piper cubeba (Usia et al. 2005) have also been reported. Corynoline, a di-MDP alkaloid isolated from Corydalis bugeana Turcz., formed reactive o-quinone species via metabolic activation of the MDP moieties (Mao et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2018). Other MDP-containing herbal constituents included benzophenanthridine alkaloids chelidonine and nitidine chloride, both of which were found to be mechanism-based inactivators of CYP2D6 (Mao et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2019). Several alkenylbenzenes described above, such as safrole and myristicin, also contain a MDP moiety. Whilst sulfation of the 1′-hydroxy metabolites is held to be central to carcinogenicity of these alkenylbenzenes (Rietjens et al. 2005), the hepatotoxicity of safrole is likely dependent on its demethylenation of the MDP moiety to the catechol, followed by oxidation to the allyl-o-quinone and tautomerization to the more electrophilic vinyl p-quinone methide (Bolton et al. 1994) (Figure 9(c)).
Advances in phytochemical and modern pharmacological research of Rhizoma Corydalis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Bing Tian, Ming Tian, Shu-Ming Huang
The resources available to RC are abundant. In the TCM classification, it belongs to the blood circulation drugs. In traditional medicine, RC is mostly vinegar processed decoction pieces, which can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and relieve pain. Modern pharmacological studies have found that the alkaloid components of RC have a variety of biological activities, primarily focussing on the study of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and nervous systems, echoing traditional medicine. Its main active ingredient is alkaloids, with total alkaloids accounting for more than 2% of its content. Over 80 types of alkaloids have been isolated and identified. Indeed, RC exhibits strong pharmacological effects and minimal side effects (Wang et al. 2016). In the past 30 years, researchers have performed many experimental investigations to prove the pharmacological effects of Corydalis analgesia, as well as its sedative and anti-inflammatory effects (CPC 2015). In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, pharmacological research on the effective parts and certain monomer components of RC have been performed, and its mechanism of action has been further clarified from the perspective of molecular biology.
Metabolic profiles of corydaline in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Liwei Chai, Paul Owusu Donkor, Kun Wang, Yingjie Sun, Mahmood Brobbey Oppong, Kai Wang, Liqin Ding, Feng Qiu
Corydaline is one of the main isoquinoline alkaloids obtained from the rhizomes of Corydalis yanhusuo, which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine due to its analgesic and antiulcer effects (Kubo et al., 1994; Matsuda et al., 1995; Yuan et al., 2004). Pharmacological investigations indicate that corydaline inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) (Tang & Chen, 2014), neuraminidase (NA) (Kim et al., 2014) and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (Zhang et al., 2016) facilitates gastric accommodation (Lee et al., 2010) and inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyl cholinesterase inhibitory activities (Adsersen et al., 2007; Berkov et al., 2008). Besides, it has potential anti-angiogenic (Wei et al., 2017), anti-allergic (Saito et al., 2004) and anti-nociceptive (Wang et al., 2010) effects.