Trace Minerals
Luke R. Bucci in Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Recently, Pullar and others, of the University of Leeds and Royal Bath Hospital in England, studied the effects of copper sulfate supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis patients who relapsed after penicillamine treatment.951 Copper sulfate (7.9 mg Cu, n = 13) or placebo (n = 8) was given to 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, along with 1000 mg/d of d-penicillamine, for 16 weeks. Urinary copper excretion was increased significantly from baseline and placebo values by 12 weeks (12.2 vs. 4.8 and 5.4 μmol Cu per 24 h, respectively). However, no significant changes from baseline or placebo values were found for articular index, plasma viscosity, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, hemoglobin, grip strength, morning stiffness, and visual analog pain score. Thus, supplementation of rheumatoid arthritis patients after relapse on long-term (2 to 14 years) penicillamine therapy with 8 mg Cu per day was not successful while penicillamine was continued. These results correlate with failure of cupric oxide supplementation to affect rheumatoid arthritis patients in early research.941 Both cupric oxide and copper sulfate are inorganic salts and possess different properties than organic copper chelates.
The minerals
Geoffrey P. Webb in Nutrition, 2019
Copper has clearly been established as an essential nutrient but overt deficiency of the mineral is rarely seen. As noted in the key facts section, copper requirements of adults are of the order of 1 mg/day and several rich food sources contain between 0.3 and over 2 mg/100 g including shellfish, nuts, seeds, cocoa powder, legumes, the bran and germ component of cereals, liver and other organ meats. Many other foods have intermediate amounts of copper (0.1–0.3 mg/100 g) including many fruits and vegetables (including potatoes), chocolate products, most meats and most grain products. Drinking water may also contain significant amounts of copper. Whilst estimates of current copper intakes are below those recorded in the past, this largely reflects improved analytical procedures and reduced use of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide used in horticulture which contains copper sulphate. Its wide distribution in food and low requirement makes overt dietary deficiency of copper improbable. Note that cow milk is particularly low in copper.
Irritants and rubefacients*
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach in Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Fatalities have been reported following the ingestion of 10 g of zinc or copper sulfate. Copper sulfate poisoning is a leading cause of death in some parts of the third world. It is used orally as an emetic and as ‘cleansing agent’ in religious ceremonies. It has been found in children’s ‘toy chemistry sets’ to grow crystals. Acidic water can leach copper from pipes and one outbreak of poisoning has been reported due to this mechanism of exposure. Copper sulfate is contained in herbicides: the fumes cause ‘vineyard sprayer’s lung’. No fatalities from aluminum salts have been reported in recent years, but excessive aluminum loading can occur as a result of dialysis, intravenous therapy, or administration of aluminum hydroxide in the presence of renal impairment. The pathologic findings in deaths from astringent salts include hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and kidney and liver damage.
Copper oxide nanoparticles promote the evolution of multicellularity in yeast
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Jiaqi Tan, Qixin He, Jennifer T. Pentz, Cheng Peng, Xian Yang, Meng-Hsiu Tsai, Yongsheng Chen, William C. Ratcliff, Lin Jiang
Using a Zetasizer-Nano ZS instrument (Malvern Instrument Ltd., UK), we determined that the CuO NPs in the culture medium had 291.6 ± 11.7 (mean ± s.d.) nm of hydraulic diameter and -18.1 mV of zeta potential. We prepared the microcosms with bulk CuO in the same way. To quantify the actual dissolved Cu concentration in the bulk and nano-CuO treatments, we incubated microcosms (without yeast) with either bulk or nano-CuO for 24 h, filtered the samples collected from the microcosms through 0.22 μm glass filters, and measured the concentration of Cu ions in microcosms with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES, iCAP 6300 DUO, Thermo, USA). We found that the copper ions (Cu2+) in the microcosms increased from zero to 0.140 mg/L and 0.705 mg/L in the microcosms with bulk and nano CuO, respectively. We thus included a copper ion treatment with 0.705 mg/L Cu2+ added into the medium in the form of copper sulfate (CuSO4, 1.76 mg/L). We replicated each treatment six times.
Cytogenotoxic evaluation of the acetonitrile extract, citrinin and dicitrinin-A from Penicillium citrinum
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
José Williams Gomes de Oliveira Filho, Teresinha de Jesus Aguiar dos Santos Andrade, Rosália Maria Tôrres de Lima, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva, Antonielly Campinho dos Reis, José Victor de Oliveira Santos, Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de Meneses, Ricardo Melo de Carvalho, Ana Maria Oliveira da Mata, Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar, Ana Carolina Soares Dias, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva, Muhammad Torequl Islam, Cain C. T. Clark, João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa, Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
Medium size bulbs of A. cepa were obtained from the Center Supply company- CEAPI in Teresina- Piauí, 2017. The A. cepa test was carried out according to Fiskesjö (1985). Briefly, onions were kept in direct contact with AEPc, CIT and DIC-A for 48 h, at a temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, protected from light and maintenance of the solution every 24 h. The concentrations tested were same as BSLB assay. The positive (PC) and negative control (NC), were composed of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) at 6 μg/mL and dechlorinated water, respectively. After treatment, the roots were removed and fixed for 24 h in Carnoysolution. The roots were washed with distilled water (3 baths of 5 min each), root hydrolysis was performed with 1 N HCl at 60 °C for 11 min and the bath was repeated. The basophilic structures were stained with Schiff reagent for 2 h and then rinsed with the aid of running tap water. For assembling the slides, the root meristematic region was removed with a scalpel and a drop of 2% acetic carmine was added to stain the nuclear regionand covered with the cover slip. A slight pressure was exerted on the coverslip in order to scatter the meristematic cells throughout the slide.
Impediment to growth and yeast-to-hyphae transition in Candida albicans by copper oxide nanoparticles
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Alwar Ramanujam Padmavathi, Sriyutha Murthy P., Arindam Das, Arumugam Priya, T. J. Sushmitha, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian, Subba Rao Toleti
Cupric (Cu++) oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) were synthesized by the wet chemical precipitation route. Various methods have been used to synthesize CuO nanoparticles with varying morphologies and dimensions. The wet chemical precipitation route was followed in this study due to its simple procedure, reproducibility and effectiveness in preparing a large quantity of CuO nanoparticles with controlled shape (Ethiraj and Kang 2012; Zhang et al. 2014). Different compounds such as copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper acetate and copper sulphate have been reported to be precursors for CuO synthesis. In the present study CuO-NP was synthesized from copper acetate as derived below (Equations 1–3):
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