Essential Oils as Lures for Invasive Ambrosia Beetles
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Fifteen compounds were identified from the α-copaene enriched oil lure, and relative percentages of the components are shown in Table 18.1. The analysis indicated that sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the dominant constituents, comprising 99.3% of the lure contents; only one oxygenated sesquiterpene was detected, caryophyllene oxide (0.7%). Major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons consisted of α-copaene (60.2%), β-caryophyllene (18.7%), and δ-cadinene (10.3%), with lesser amounts of α-cubebene (2.4%), α-humulene (3.2%), and γ-muurolene (1.1%). These results are consistent with those reported by Owens et al. (2018b) for a different lot of α-copaene lures analyzed on a DB-5MS column. Although α-copaene is the primary attractant, other sesquiterpene components (part of the laurel bouquet, Kendra et al., 2014a) may be contributing to the overall attraction of this lure.
Types of Raw Incense
Kerry Hughes in The Incense Bible, 2014
Alpha-pinene is thought to be one of the main compounds contributing to frankincense’s characteristic fresh and balsamic odor, with gamma-butyrolactones lending strong coumarinic odors. The volatile components of Boswellia serrata essential oil have been found to be about thirty-five different chemical constituents of which alpha-pinene (73 percent) was the predominant constituent. Other monoterpenoids include beta-pinene (2.05 percent), cis-verbenol (1.97 percent), trans-pinocarveol (1.80 percent), borneol (1.78 percent), myrcene (1.71 percent), verbenone (1.71 percent), limonene (1.42 percent), thuja-2,4(10)-diene (1.18 percent) and p-cymene (1.0 percent). One sesquiterpene, alpha-copaene (0.13 percent), has been identified in the essential oil (Kasali et al., 2002).
Chemistry of Syzygium cumini
K. N. Nair in The Genus Syzygium, 2017
The caryophyllane type of sesquiterpenoids, such as β-caryophyllene (55), isocaryophyllene (56), caryophyllene alcohol (57), and β-caryophyllene epoxide (58), has been detected in EOs. Additionally, nine aromadendranes, γ-gurjunene (59), (+)-aromadendrene (60), alloaromadendrene (61), isoaromadendrene V (62), globulol (63), epiglobulol (64), spathulenol (65), viridiflorol (66), and ledol (67), have been detected in EOs of various morphological parts, as shown in Table 6.5. Other sesquiterpenes of the cadinane group, namely, torreyol (68), α-amorphene (69), cadina-1,4-diene (70), calacorene (71), α-muurolene (72), α-muurolol (73), γ-cadinene (74), and δ-cadinene (75), have been reported. Eudesmanes such as eremophilene (76), valencene (77), α-selinene (78), β-selinene (79), and β-eudesmol (80) have been reported. In addition, seven more sesquiterpenes of the farnesene group, α-farnesene (81), cis-α-farnesene (82), β-farnesene (83), cis-β-farnesene (84), cis-farnesol (85), cis-nerolidol (86), and trans-nerolidol (87), have been detected. A bisabolane, β-bisabolol (88), has been detected from fruits. Two copaane sesquiterpenoids, namely, α-ylangene (89) and α-copaene (90), have been found in EOs of leaves and aerial parts, respectively. The leaf EOs have shown the presence of β-elemene (91), β-guaiene (92), and α-himachalene (93), which belong to the elemene, guaiene, and himachalane types of sesquiterpenoids, respectively. Widdrol (96) is a widdrane type of sesquiterpenoids found in fruits. Other sesquiterpenoids, like β-maaliene (97), junipene (98), neocedranol (99), and α-santalol (100), have been reported from different parts of the plant, as shown in Table 6.5.
Comparative antidandruff efficacy of plant extracts prepared from conventional and supercritical fluid extraction method and chemical profiling using GCMS
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Ratish Chandra Mishra, Rosy Kumari, Jaya Parkash Yadav
In C. zeylanicum SFE extract a total of 15 phytochemicals were identified differing in retention time and percentage area (Table 4 and Figure 4). The most abundant compound was cinnamaldehyde or phenylpropanoid with an area of 75.58%. A variety of sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, α-muurolene, α-humulene or α-caryophyllene, α-cadinene, ß-bisabolene, cubenol, calamenene, muurolol, cadine-1,4-diene were also observed in the sample.
Ethanol extract of Gynura bicolour reduces atherosclerosis risk by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing adhesion molecule levels
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Shu-Ling Hsieh, Jinn-Chyi Wang, Yun-Shan Huang, Chih-Chung Wu
Gynura bicolour (Roxb. and Willd.) DC (Asteraceae) is a common vegetable and traditional functional food in Taiwan and the Far East. The fresh leaves of G. bicolour are dark-green and purple on the top and bottom sides, respectively. There are many plant pigments and phytochemicals, including chlorophyll, gallic acid, β-carotene, rutin, anthocyanidin, myricetin, and morin (Wu et al. 2013, 2015). Chen et al. (2012) reported high contents of sesquiterpene compounds such as β-caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, and α-copaene in G. bicolour (Chen et al. 2012). Previous literature has reported the antioxidant activity of the pigments and flavonoids of leafy vegetables such as chlorophyll A (Sarker and Oba 2019a), chlorophyll B (Sarker, Hossain and Oba 2020), betacyanins (Sarker and Oba 2020a), betaxanthins (Sarker, Oba, et al. 2020), carotenoids (Sarker and Oba 2020b), betalains (Sarker and Oba 2020c), phenolics (Sarker and Oba 2018a), flavonoids (Sarker and Oba 2020d), phenolic acids (Sarker and Oba 2018b), β-carotene (Sarker, Hossain, Iqbal, et al. 2020), rutin (Sarker and Oba 2020e), and myricetin (Sarker and Oba 2019b). Previous literature reported the antioxidant activity of pigments, and flavonoids of leafy vegetables such as flavanols (Sarker and Oba 2020f) and flavanones (Sarker and Oba 2020g). Lu et al. (2010) showed that the above components not only provide G. bicolour with its pigmentation but also may have physiologic effects. Previous studies have shown that water extracts of G. bicolour have anti-inflammatory (Wu et al. 2013) and antioxidant effects (Krishnan et al. 2015), promote iron bioavailability (Wu et al. 2015), exert anticancer (Teoh et al. 2016) and hepatoprotective effects (Yin et al. 2017), promote hypoglycaemia (Pai et al. 2019), protective of skin’s photodamage (Li et al. 2020), and decrease serum cholesterol levels (Hsieh et al. 2020). Because G. bicolour has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and serum cholesterol-lowering effects, the potential of G. bicolour to prevent atherosclerosis is worthy of investigation.
The traditional herb Polygonum hydropiper from China: a comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and applications
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Yi-Dan Kong, Ying Qi, Na Cui, Zhi-Hong Zhang, Na Wei, Chang-Fu Wang, Yuan-Ning Zeng, Yan-Ping Sun, Hai-Xue Kuang, Qiu-Hong Wang
The terpenoid compounds of PH are almost all monoterpenes and triterpenes, including α-copaene (219), curcumene (220), neophytadiene (221), 8-(3-methy-2-butanol)-tricyclene (222), cedrene (223), 8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-α-pinene (224), β-sesquiphellandrene (225), longifolene aldehyde (226), 7-epi-cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (227), β-caryophyllene (228), selinene (229), aromadendrene (230), eremophilene (231), cubebene (232), α-panasinsene (233), oxide caryophyllene (234), chamigrene (235), widdrene (236), ledene (237), 1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl (238), 8-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (239), cis-himachalene (240), drimenol (241), naphthol-[1,2-c]-furan-1-(3H)-one-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-6,6,9a-trimethy-(-)-drimenin (242), caryophyllene oxide (243), eudesmol (244), aristolene (245), myrtanal (246), myrtanol (247), trans-α-bergmotene (248), α-muurolene (249), 1-phellandrene (250), camphene (251), α-pinene (252), guaiene (253), α-bisabolol (254), elemol (255), γ-terpinene (256), α-thujene (257), thujopsene (258), humulene epoxide II (259), 1-naphthalenepropanol (260), trans-carene (261), thujopsene-I3 (262), globulol (263), 1,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,5,5,8α-tetramethyl-β-eudesmol (264), 1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1(1-methylethyl) naphthalene (265), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (266), taraxerone (267), friedelinol (268), ursolic acid (269), oleanolic acid (270), 3β,13β-dihydroxyl-11-ene-28-ursolic acid (271), 3β-angeloyloxy-7-epifutronolide (272), polygonumate (273), dendocarbin L (274), (+) winterin (275), (+) fuegin (276), changweikangic acid A (277), futronolide (278), 7-ketoisodrimenin (279), warburganal (280), polygodial (281), isopolygodial (282), ugandensidal (283), muzigadial (284), polygonal (285), drimenol (286), isodrimeninol (287), octylene (288), monoacetate (289), α,β,β′-disubstituted furano (290), drimanediol (291), isodrimenin (292), and confertifolin (293) (Fukuyama et al. 1980, 1985; Yao et al. 1999; Zhang and Zeng 2005; Li 2007; Wu et al. 2007; Huang et al. 2012; Lin et al. 2012; Goswami et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2017; Xu et al. 2017; Yu et al. 2018). The structures from 219 to 293 are shown in Figure 5.
Related Knowledge Centers
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