Polyphenols and Cancer Immunology
Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri in Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
One example that illustrates this claim well is the activity of chrysin (5,7-di-OH flavone). This is a natural flavonoid which has been identified as a regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Chrysin significantly limits the number of infiltrating macrophages and induces the M2 phenotype, which on the one hand expresses anti-inflammatory properties but on the other may promote tumor growth, as is the case with TAMs, which are mainly of the M2 phenotype (Feng et al. 2016). This polyphenol may thus regulate the M1/M2 status not necessarily to the benefit of the patient and may limit the anti-tumor immunity or, under certain circumstances, even lead to the development of the disease. A similar effect has been observed for 5,7,3¢,4¢,5¢-pentamethoxyflavone (PMFA) which facilitates phenotype shift from M1 to M2 by regulating STAT1/STAT6 signaling. On the other hand, chrysin and PMFA reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and in this way can limit the development of cancer, which is described as a typical inflammatory disease (Feng et al. 2014, Feng et al. 2016). Moreover, a synthetic analog of chrysin, 8-bromo-7-methoxychrisin (BrMC), has been found to reverse M2 macrophage polarization through inhibition of the NF-κB factor, suppression of cytokine secretion by these cells, and suppression of the CD163 marker, characteristic of cells originating from the monocyte/macrophage lineage (Sun et al. 2017). It has also been found that chrysin may enhance the cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity of NK cells (Lin et al. 2012).
Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
In a study of antidepressant effects of quercetin in mice, it was found that the flavonoid reduced turnover of serotonin by attenuating mitochondrial MAO-A activity in the brain.116 Chrysin was also found to inhibit MAO-A.117 The flavonoids jaceosidine, eupafolin, leuteolin, and apigenin, have also been found to have significant inhibitory effects on MAO-A. Such effects appear to be quite common in this class of phytochemical.118 Indeed, it is common to see reports of increases in concentrations of monoamines along with antidepressant effects produced by flavonoids. Antidepressant effects of naringenin in mice were accompanied by increases in hippocampal levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.57 Liquiritin increased serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex of mice.119 Antidepressant-like effects of orientin were similarly accompanied by increases in levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice.120 Astilbin increased dopamine concentrations in the hippocampus in rats.121 Thus, some of the antidepressant effects of flavonoids may be due in part to increases in monoaminergic activity, as is alleged to be the case with standard antidepressants.
Insomnia
Ethan Russo in Handbook of Psychotropic Herbs, 2015
Subsequently, a variety of other European studies have produced similar supportive and occasional negative findings in rodent testing. Wolfman and colleagues (1994) were able to demonstrate in mice anxiolytic effects of the compound chrysin, derived from the related species Passiflora caerulea. That agent binds to benzodiazepine receptors without reported sedative or muscle relaxant effects.
Protective effect of chrysin, a flavonoid, on the genotoxic activity of carboplatin in mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Basit L. Jan, Ajaz Ahmad, Altaf Khan, Muneeb U. Rehman, Khalid M. Alkharfy
Chrysin (CH), a natural flavonoid, is found in honey, propolis, and several other plant extracts such as blue passion flower (Passifloracaerulea) (Gao et al. 2013). Multiple studies have revealed the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiestrogenic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties of chrysin (Shin et al. 2009, Kasala et al. 2015, Razavi-Azarkhiavi et al. 2016). Natural products have received a lot of recognition recently for being rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds and are playing a significant role in the production of new therapeutic agents. A large number of molecules possessing antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability have been derived from plants (Li et al. 2015). The potent antioxidant characteristic of flavonoids may be their most significant feature. Flavonoids exhibit their antioxidant activity by different mechanisms like scavenging free radicals or inhibition of the enzymes responsible for free-radical generation (Pushpavalli et al. 2010). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine if chrysin can mitigate carboplatin induced genotoxicity in BALB/c mice.
Toxicological evaluation of a flavonoid, chrysin: morphological, behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessments in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Wei Yao, Junmei Cheng, Amit D. Kandhare, Anwesha A. Mukherjee-Kandhare, Subhash L. Bodhankar, Gang Lu
Plant flavonoids are known to play a vital role in the prevention of diseases of various organs including brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, spleen, testes, and intestine (Panche et al.2016). Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) is one such flavonoid, abundantly present in plants, honey, and propolis (Kandhare et al.2014, Mani and Natesan 2018). The role of chrysin in the prevention and treatment of diseases has received considerable attention because of its broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic properties including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antidepressant, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective potential (Walle et al.2001, Tsuji and Walle 2008, Kandhare et al.2014, Mani and Natesan 2018). In recent years, investigator have attempted to unravel the underlying mechanisms of beneficial effects of chrysin against cancer of various organs (Mani and Natesan 2018).
Development and evaluation of Chrysin-Phospholipid complex loaded solid lipid nanoparticles - storage stability and in vitro anti-cancer activity
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Shahadali Komath, Anuj Garg, Muhammad Wahajuddin
Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) is an extensively distributed flavonoid which can be obtained from Propolis, honey, and extracts of numerous plants species. It is a primary active chemical constituent of the Indian trumpet trees (Oroxylum indicum) (Jung 2016). Chrysin showed a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-haemolytic, anti-hypertension, and neuroprotection (Kasala et al.2016, Jung 2016). Chrysin was reported to inhibit the growth of tumour cell by destruction of intracellular GSH concentrations due to antioxidant property, inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis in different cell lines (Kasala et al.2016). A higher daily dose was required to prevent the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and 4T1 cells in animal models, because of its poor bioavailability (Sun et al. 2012, Lirdprapamongkol et al. 2013).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dietary Supplement
- Excretion
- Extract
- Flavone
- Passiflora
- Passiflora Incarnata
- Honey
- Propolis
- Oroxylum Indicum
- Bioavailability