Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis and Causes of Pulmonary Granulomas
Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley in Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
Brucellosis is an occupational hazard of veterinary surgeons, laboratory personnel, and abattoir workers. Farmer's lung disease is caused by inhalation of antigenic products of thermophilic actinomycetes (Micropolyspora faeni). In Farmer's lung and other hypersensitivity pneumonitides, the causative agent is not detectable on a tissue specimen, but a positive history of exposure is of diagnostic value (Table 2) since it leads one to estimate levels of circulating precipitin antibodies against an appropriate offending antigen. Chronic beryllium disease continues to be hazardous because the metal is being used increasingly in a variety of industries, especially ceramics and metallurgy.
Occupational respiratory diseases
Louis-Philippe Boulet in Applied Respiratory Pathophysiology, 2017
When a patient is suspected to have chronic beryllium disease (CBD), the following are major criteria for such diagnosis: A history of any beryllium exposureA positive blood or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) [19]
Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Beryllium is a naturally occurring element that is extracted from ores and processed into metal, oxides, alloys, and composite materials used in the aerospace, automotive, and mining industries.38 Berylliosis manifests as two clinical syndromes at opposite ends of a disease spectrum. Beryllium sensitization occurs in acutely exposed individuals, while chronic beryllium disease is an inflammatory lung disease affecting individuals who are chronically exposed to beryllium.
Beryllium inhibits apoptosis via mitochondria in beryllium-induced lung disease in the rat
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2019
Zhihong Liu, Kai Wang, Qing Yan, Hejing Wang, Na Zhang, Aihong Gong, Xiong Guo
Beryllium, known to be a toxic element, is extensively used in atomic energy, aerospace, electronics, petroleum, optical instrument, alchemy, medical and oxidizing ceramics. Occupational exposures to beryllium or its compounds can result in an acute beryllium diseases (ABD) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Recently, the frequency of ABD has greatly decrease with the continuous improvement of production technology and strengthening of personal protection, however, CBD caused by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of beryllium still occurred and has a strong impact on occupational health.1 The lung is the primary target tissue exposed to beryllium for human health. Inhalational exposure to beryllium or its compounds is classified as a human carcinogen based on some evidence by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).2 A nested case-control study of lung cancer within a beryllium processing plant have found that lung cancer had higher average and maximum exposures for cumulative beryllium exposures than controls.3 Risk of lung cancer for workers was elevated at levels near the current US Occupational Safety and Health Administration beryllium exposure limit by an occupational cohort.4
Ellagic acid attenuates beryllium sulphate-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations of spleen in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yuandi Lei, Tianyi Jiang, Liqin He, Yanping Liu, Zhanbing Sun, Weihua Deng, Lian Huang, Zhaohui Zhang
Beryllium (Be) and its compounds are highly desirable due to its excellent properties such as enhancing metal-hardening capacity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, high melting and boiling points (Kreiss et al. 2007). They are widely used in the industrial fields, including aircraft, space shuttle brakes, satellite mirrors, electrical circuits, computer components, nuclear weapons, home appliances, etc. Unfortunately, Be is highly toxic. It has been demonstrated that the LD50 value of beryllium nitrate is 3.16 mg/kg (Mathur et al. 1985). Exposure to Be and its compounds could induce a wide range of diseases such as acute chemical pneumonia (Cummings et al. 2009), chronic beryllium disease (Ribeiro et al. 2011), even lung cancer (Levy et al. 2009). Be exposure occurs primarily through the inhalation of Be particulates that induces oxidative stress and leads to various pathological consequences (Sawyer et al. 2005). Thus, inhibition of oxidative stress may be an approach in the prevention of beryllium-related diseases.
Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the evaluation of pulmonary interstitial disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Stanca-Patricia Hogea, Emanuela Tudorache, Camelia Pescaru, Monica Marc, Cristian Oancea
People exposed to environmental factors at work and with genetic predisposition can develop specific ILD. To this category of diseases belong pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, coal workers’, hard metal lung disease, chronic beryllium disease and less frequently, fibrotic changes due to exposure to iron, silver, barium and rare earth metals [1,7]. The existing data in the literature show that the diagnostic accuracy of BAL in occupational lung diseases is low [7]. Even if the silica particles or asbestos fibers can be detected in the BAL fluid, their differentiation from the dust-induced pneumoconiosis is difficult and cannot be achieved only by this method alone. BAL may have a diagnostic role in chronic beryllium disease. Highlighting a lymphocytic alveolitis and beryllium-sensitized lymphocytes in BAL may support the diagnosis of berylliosis, even if peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to beryllium is absent [1,7,87].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Beryllium
- Cough
- Diffusing Capacity
- Granuloma
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Tuberculosis
- Beryllium Poisoning
- Acute Beryllium Poisoning
- Occupational Lung Disease