Oral problems
Mervyn Dean, Juan-Diego Harris, Claud Regnard, Jo Hockley in Symptom Relief in Palliative Care, 2018
Poor oral hygiene may be due to a reduced fluid intake, mouth breathing when asleep and reduced host immunity. Maintaining oral hygiene is very important to reduce infections and treatment-induced mucositis. Irrigation with warm water or 0.9% saline will help removal of oral debris, and is soothing and non-traumatic. Some other solutions have problems such as an unpleasant taste, exhausting the salivary glands, or causing damage to the teeth or the mucosa. There is no evidence that benzydamine, sucralfate or chlorhexidine ease oral pain. Dental caries is common in the population and regular oral hygiene and checks are important. Thalidomide has a role in treating persistent ulceration in adults and children and has been shown to be well tolerated, although its potential for causing birth defects remains. Teething can present in unusual ways in the children, such as an increase in seizures.
Iodine is needed to maintain health
Tatsuo Kaiho in Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) play an important role in the field of pharmaceuticals. Idoxuridine is an antivirus ophthalmic solution and is generally used as a therapeutic drug for keratitis occurring resulting from inflammation due to viral infection. Levothyroxine is the oldest iodine-containing drug used as a thyroid hormone agent. There are two types of thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3 activity is said to be several times stronger than T4. Iodine is indispensable in X-ray contrast agents. Thyroid hormones are comprised of iodine. Sterilizing agents commonly used in hospitals include benzalkonium chloride, chlorohexidine gluconate, and povidone iodine. X-ray contrast agents are widely used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular examinations and other detailed examinations performed in hospitals. In most cases, iodine-based drugs are used. One-third of radiopharmaceuticals are of iodine compounds. Radioactive iodine compounds can diagnose illnesses. Cadexomer iodine is used for bedsores. Iodine-based sterilizers are multidrug resistant.
First Stage Of Labor
Vincenzo Berghella in Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Universal prenatal maternal screening with anovaginal specimen at 36–37 weeks and intrapartum antibiotic treatment are the most efficacious of the current strategies for prevention of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcus disease. There is no evidence to support the use of vaginal chlorhexidine by either irrigation or vaginal wipes during labor in order to prevent maternal and neonatal infections. The administration of routine antibiotic prophylaxis for term prelabor rupture of membranes is not associated with either maternal or neonatal beneficial outcomes compared to no antibiotic prophylaxis. Since the evidence shows a shorter duration of labor without an in increase in harm, there is little to no justification for the restriction of fluids and food in labor for women at low risk of complications. Active management of labor was originally devised to shorten labor and therefore prevent prolonged labor. The intrauterine pressure catheter can measure more objectively than external to monitor the intensity of uterine contractions.
Daily Bathing with Chlorhexidine and Its Effects on Nosocomial Infection Rates in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2015
Chittalsinh M. Raulji, Kristin Clay, Cruz Velasco, Lolie C. Yu
Infections remain a serious complication in pediatric oncology patients. To determine if daily bathing with Chlorhexidine gluconate can decrease the rate of nosocomial infection in pediatric oncology patients, we reviewed rates of infections in pediatric oncology patients over a 14-month span. Intervention group received daily bath with Chlorhexidine, while the control group did not receive daily bath. The results showed that daily bath with antiseptic chlorhexidine as daily prophylactic antiseptic topical wash leads to decreased infection density amongst the pediatric oncology patients, especially in patients older than 12 years of age. Furthermore, daily chlorhexidine bathing significantly reduced the rate of hospital acquired infection in patients older than 12 years of age. The findings of this study suggest that daily bathing with chlorhexidine may be an effective measure of reducing nosocomial infection in pediatric oncology patients.
Is a chlorhexidine reaction test better than dipsticks to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy?
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2014
B. O. Okusanya, E. O. S. Aigere, J. O. Eigbefoh, G. B. O. Okome, C. E. Gigi
Detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is important to avert the attendant morbidities. Therefore, we assessed the use of chlorhexidine reaction to detect ASB in pregnancy. This was a prospective study, which compared chlorhexidine reaction with dipstick tests and urine culture in 150 asymptomatic pregnant women. Urine cultures detected bacteriuria in seven women (4.7%). Chlorhexidine detected ASB in 72 women (48%) and had sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100%, 54% and 56%, respectively. Leucocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite detected bacteriuria in 31 (20.7%) women and 12 (8.0%) women, respectively. Singly, LE had a sensitivity and specificity of 14.3% and 79%, respectively, while nitrite's sensitivity and specificity was 42.9% and 93.7%, respectively. Combined, LE and nitrite had better sensitivity (97.9%) and accuracy (94%). Since the accuracy of chlorhexidine is low, other than urine culture, combined dipstick urinalysis of leucocyte esterase and nitrite tests is good to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.
Daily chlorhexidine bathing does not increase skin toxicity after remission induction or stem cell transplantation
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2016
Dries Deeren, Evelyne Dewulf, Lydie Verfaillie
Objectives: A recent multicenter study demonstrated that bathing with chlorhexidine reduces the transmission of resistant organisms and the risk of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in ICUs. We wanted to confirm the feasibility of this strategy in a cohort of patients in a typical intensive haematology unit. Methods: Patients treated with remission induction chemotherapy, autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation received daily chlorhexidine bathing. To avoid deshydratation of skin, we used prophylactic application of hydrating lotion, replaced by corticosteroid cream in case of skin toxicity of chemotherapy or conditioning. Results: We studied 15 consecutive admissions of 12 patients. Daily chlorhexidine bathing never needed to be interrupted, even though 53% of patients were treated with intravenous cytarabine. Patients were satisfied with the skin treatment and reported few unwanted effects. Discussion: Daily chlorhexidine bathing was feasible in our intensive haematology unit in all patients and did not increase skin toxicity, even when treated with IV cytarabine.
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