Emollient Esters and Oils
Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski in Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
As with fatty acids, one must be careful of the exact chemical makeup of a particular ester when comparing physical properties, because the raw materials are not necessarily pure. The classic example is that of triple-pressed stearic acid which actually contains about 55% palmitic acid and about 45% stearic acid. The chemical composition of the fatty alcohols can vary just as markedly. Typically, stearyl alcohol will contain 65% stearyl alcohol and 35% cetyl alcohol. Esters made from this fatty alcohol will have the same distribution. This means that the resulting ester will be a mixture. Mixtures will generally have properties intermediate between the components. However, occasionally the mixtures will have "eutectic points" where the melting point of the mixture is much lower than that predicted arithmetically.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 65-year-old man developed an extremely pruritic and diffusely spreading allergic contact dermatitis from crotamiton (tested 1% pet.), the NSAID felbinac and the excipient diisopropanolamine in a compress (3). A 60-year-old woman presented with pruritic erythematous macules on the neck and in the left cubital fossa, where she had previously applied an anti-itch ointment. A patch test with the ointment was positive at D2 and D3 with a flare-up of the previous symptoms. When tested later with all ingredients, the patient reacted positively to crotamiton 5% pet. and cetyl alcohol (30% pet.) (4).
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Speaking of several sarsaparilla species,29 Leung notes that the plants contain steroids (sarsasopogenin, smilagenin, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and pollinastanol) and their glycosides (saponins) including sarsasaponin (parillin), smilasaponin (smilacin), sarsaparilloside, sitosterol glucoside, etc. Other constituents present include starch, resin, cetyl alcohol, and a trace of a volatile oil.20,29
Bortezomib-loaded lipidic-nano drug delivery systems; formulation, therapeutic efficacy, and pharmacokinetics
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Mohammad Mahmoudian, Hadi Valizadeh, Raimar Löbenberg, Parvin Zakeri-Milani
The lipid matrix of these NPs is biocompatible and degradable, which is solid at room temperature and at body temperature. Various types of lipids are used to fabricate SLNs including (Manjunath et al. 2005, Doktorovova et al.2017):Triglycerides; glyceryl tristearate (Tristearin), glyceryl tripalmitate (Tripalmitin), glyceryl trilaurate (Trilaurin), glyceryl trimirystate (Trimyristin), etc.Waxes; cetyl palmitate, beeswax, etc.Partial glycerides; glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl palmitostearate, etc.Fatty alcohols; cetyl Alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.Fatty acids; palmitic acid, stearic acid, stearic acid, etc.
Novel risperidone orally disintegrating minitablets for pediatric use: patient acceptance and dose adjustment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
George Bebawy, Magda Sokar, Ossama Y. Abdallaha
Risperidone was kindly provided by Pharaonia Pharmaceutical Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Cetyl alcohol (CA), Talc powder and ammonium bicarbonate were obtained from Al Nasr pharmaceutical chemicals Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Hydrogenated castor oil (HCO), Croscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol), Crospovidone, Poly vinyl pyrollidone (PVP k30), Sucralose and Camphor were purchased from Pharaonia pharmaceutical Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Quinine HCl; BP grade, was obtained from BDH Chemical Ltd., England. Mannitol DC, was a courtesy of Pharco Co., Alexandria, Egypt. Lactose DC was obtained from Evonic Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, India. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Analar grade, was purchased from Cornell® labs, Cairo, Egypt. All other materials were of analytical grade. Methanol and Acetonitrile, HPLC grades, Fisher Scientific UK Ltd., Leics, UK. Two Commercial Risperidone liquid dosage forms (1 mg/ml each) where used for comparison.
Design and evaluation of novel topical formulation with olive oil as natural functional active
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Ana Henriques Mota, Catarina Oliveira Silva, Marisa Nicolai, André Baby, Lídia Palma, Patrícia Rijo, Lia Ascensão, Catarina Pinto Reis
To incorporate the olive oil-loaded beads into topical formulations, we prepared two different bases: the Beeler and the Lanette Wax Cream. To prepare 500 g of Beeler base, 75 g of cetyl alcohol, 5 g of white wax, 50 g of propylene glycol, 10 g of sodium lauryl sulphate, and 360 g of purified water were gentle mixed. Firstly, cetyl alcohol and white wax were incubated in a water bath at 65–70 °C (Termofin, J.P. Selecta, Barcelona, Spain). After melting, an aqueous phase with sodium lauryl sulfate, purified water and propylene glycol was added to the oil phase. To prepare 500 g of Lanette Wax Cream, 120 g of cetearylalcohol (Lanette Wax SX®), 80 g of decyloleate (Cetiol®) were weighed and melted in a water bath at 70–75 °C. After melting, 300 g of water was added to the oil phase. Olive oil beads were incorporated in these cosmetic bases after manual mixing (1:1, w/w) using a metal spatula to facilitate the homogenous dispersion of the hydrated beads. The obtained cream was then characterized in terms of aspect (color and homogeneity), odor and pH by using a pH electrode meter (827 pH Lab, Metrohm, Switzerland), calibrated daily with buffer solutions pH 4.00 ± 0.02 and 7.00 ± 0.02 (20 °C) ST (Panreac, Spain). The viscosity was also measured using a DV-I + Viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Labs, Middleboro, MA, USA).
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