Cefotiam, Cefuzonam, Cefamandole, Cefonicid, and Ceforanide
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Developed at Lilly Research Laboratories, cefamandole was shown by Wick and Preston (1972) to have good activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Cefamandole was used clinically as the sodium salt of the O-formyl ester, cefamandole nafate. The independent antibacterial activity of cefamandole nafate is about 10-fold less than that of cefamandole, but after administration, this ester is rapidly converted In vivo to cefamandole, which is the predominant circulating antibiotic (Wold et al., 1978). This occurs even in the presence of renal failure (Nielsen et al., 1979). Cefamandole is no longer available in the USA and most other countries. Because it is no longer used, this chapter will describe only the in vitro activity and toxicity of the drug. The structure of cefamandole is illustrated in Figure 23.3.
Anticoagulant Therapy
Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama in Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
Massive amounts of vitamin K in the diet will increase warfarin resistance. Conversely, a latent or overt deficiency of vitamin K will enhance warfarin sensitivity, as in malabsorption syndromes and during administration of liquid paraffin laxatives and Clofibrate. The long-term use of oral antimicrobials will deplete the intestinal bacterial source of vitamin K. Cephalosporins containing the methythiotetrazole side chain, such as moxalactam, cefoperazone, and cefamandole, have a warfarin effect themselves and, therefore, are contraindicated for patients receiving warfarin. Large doses of vitamin E antagonize the action of vitamin K and inhibit prothrombin production.126 The anabolic steroids and danazol impair the synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, leading to vitamin K deficiency and potentiation of the oral anticoagulants.127
Acquired Bleeding Disorders Associated with Disease and Medications
Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass in Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
A coumarin-like effect is seen in cephalosporins that display the molecular attachment N-methylthiotetrazole (MTT) or a similar substitution (Cefamandole, Cefbuperazone, Cefmenoxime, Cefmetazole, Cefonicid, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan, Cefpiramide, Moxalactam, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, and Cefazedone) (152). This substitution inhibits gamma-carboxylation of coagulation proteins, producing the coumarin-like effect. Clinically significant bleeding episodes may be seen most commonly in patients with underlying diseases such as sepsis, cancer, intraabdominal infections, or renal and/or hepatic failure. Bleeding may be serious or even fatal in these debilitated patients. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with MTT cephalosporins is rare in patients without complicating disease. Remember that these cephalosporins also may cause platelet dysfunction; use with caution in patients with thrombocytopenia or concomitant use of high-dose heparin, oral anticoagulants, aspirin, or other drugs that affect hemostasis.
Cefazolin-induced hypoprothrombinemia
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Mallory Smith, James Doyle, Cameron Crane, Charles Bussell
Coagulopathy is a known side effect of cephalosporins whose chemical structure contains the MTT side group, such as moxalactam, cefamandole, and cefoperazone.7–10 In the vitamin K cycle, gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid oxidizes vitamin K, allowing activation of clotting factors. MTT or MTD side chains form thiol-containing metabolites that inhibit the gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid. However, these metabolites can also undergo S-methylation by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) to become less potent inhibitors of glutamic acid gamma-carboxylation1(Figure 3). Therefore, patients with loss-of-function mutations in TPMT who are treated with MTT- or MTD-containing cephalosporins may be more prone to coagulopathy. TPMT mutation status was not known in our patient.
Research on the relationship between cephalosporin structure, solution clarity, and rubber closure compatibility using volatile components profile of butyl rubber closures
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Xiao-Meng Chong, Xin Dong, Shang-Chen Yao, Chang-Qin Hu
All kinds of cephalosporins for injection were obtained from national evaluation inspection in China. Except for some samples that did not meet the requirement for clarity of reconstituted solutions provided in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, all the other items qualified. The cephalosporins for injection included seven batches of cefodizime sodium for injection from one manufacturer. Among the seven batches, the clarity of three batches did not meet the requirement of clarity of solution provided in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Among the six batches of ceftriaxone sodium for injection from two different manufacturers, the clarity of three batches did not meet the requirement of clarity of solution provided in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Although the clarity of seventeen batches of cefpiramide sodium for injection from six different manufacturers met the requirement of clarity of solution, the extent of turbidity of each batch was different when measured with a nephelometer. The clarity of all four batches of cefamandole nafate for injection from two different manufacturers met the requirement of clarity of solution; however, the extent of turbidity of each batch was different when measured with a nephelometer. The clarity of one batch of cefmenoxime for injection and one batch of cefoperazone sodium for injection met the requirement of clarity of solution.
Emerging issues on Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and the role in therapy of daptomycin plus fosfomycin
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Cristina García de la Mària, Maria-Alexandra Cañas, Mariana Fernández-Pittol, Anders Dahl, Javier García-González, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Guillermo Cuervo, Asunción Moreno, Jose M. Miró, Francesc Marco
In summary, fosfomycin can be used in a broad range of tissues and targets and does not present cross-resistance with other antibiotics [60]. In addition, it is well described that fosfomycin shows synergy when combined with a wide variety of other antibiotics against MRSA such as cefotaxime, cefamandole, cephazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and rifampicin [61–64]. Therefore, fosfomycin in combination with other antimicrobials can serve as a suitable candidate for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens as an extensive systematic review has shown [65].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antibiotic
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