A Cottage Industry Emerging In Medical Tourism: Medical Cannabis Tourism
Frederick J. DeMicco, Shirley Weis in Medical Tourism and Wellness, 2017
Medical marijuana is a whole plant-based nutritional wellness product made under specific regulations restricted from FDA patent approval due to its federally illegal status. Due to whole-plant marijuana having a high concentration of the chemical THC, a psychoactive compound within cannabis, the plant has a high potential to make the user feel some “intoxicating” effect. Many medical marijuana whole plant products are high in the compound CBD, which actually counteracts the high effect of THC. Strains of marijuana high in the compound CBD are popular in recreational dispensaries now, but it is common that you will find more options for high-CBD products in a medical marijuana dispensary. Marijuana products can offer a broad spectrum of cannabinoids such as CBN, CBD, THCV, and other non-psychoactive cannabinoids which assist in delivering results.
Drugs and health
Sally Robinson in Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Cannabis plant ‘Marijuana’, ‘weed’, ‘pot’, ‘grass’, ‘dope’, ‘ganja’, ‘herb’, ‘pot’, ‘broccoli’, ‘skunk’, ‘Mary Jane’, ‘boom’, ‘ashes’, ‘peng’, ‘zoot’, ‘teahead’PsychoactiveThe cannabis plant contains cannabinoids, including THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which gets someone ‘high’, and CBN (cannabinol), which is calming. The ‘high and the calming’ go togetherCannabis encourages ‘high’, happy, spacey, euphoric, relaxed feelings. It can alter senses, change mood, alter sense of time, impair memory and affect body movementLong-term use can lead to dependence and high doses cause breathing problems and lung illness if smoked, heart problems, a range of developmental problems in children if used during and after pregnancy, intense vomiting, temporary paranoia, hallucinations and suicidal thoughts
Drug Interactions & Dosing Issues
Betty Wedman-St Louis in Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Exogenous cannabinoids that inhibit or induce drug metabolism in humans are an important factor in clinical care according to Stout and Cimino [11]. Cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzymes are significant contributors to the metabolism of several exogenous cannabinoids: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—CYP 2C9, 3A4Cannabidiol (CBD)—CYP 2C19, 3A4, 2D6, 2C9Cannabinol (CBN)—CYP 2C9, 3A4
Protective effects of cerebrolysin against chemotherapy (carmustine) induced cognitive impairment in Albino mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Suraj Sharma, Khadga Raj, Shamsher Singh
In conclusion, BCNU-induced Cognitive impairment in mice exhibited by symptoms of deprivation in memory and cognition abilities, neurotransmitters dysregulation, and upregulated levels of oxidative stress markers and neuroinflammatory markers. Chronic treatment with CBN provided a neuroprotective effect by improving behavioral and neurotransmitters levels. Chronic treatment with CBN at a dose of 44 and 88 mg/kg significantly improved antioxidant levels, reduced neuroinflammatory marker levels and restored neurotransmitters concentration. Further, CBN administered animals showed a reduced level of AChE and refurbishment of ACh concentration in the hippocampus. Thus, CBN could be a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate neuronal dysfunctioning associated chemotherapy-induced post cognitive impairment, behavioral and neurotransmitters alterations in mice.
Medicinal cannabis pharmacokinetics and potential methods of delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Lidya Kebede, Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli, Ali Seyfoddin
Cannabis has the therapeutic potential to treat a string of conditions ranging from asthma, epilepsy, migraine, nausea, pain, and glaucoma (Bonn-Miller et al. 2018). Cannabis has approximately 560 compounds with over 120 that are thought to be unique phytocannabinoids. These cannabinoids can directly influence the endogenous cannabinoid system in our body (Bonn-Miller et al. 2018). Among those chemically active components, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant and most researched compounds in the plant (Zgair et al. 2016). THCA and CBDA are the acidic forms that are originally found in the cannabis plant. These acidic compounds are decarboxylated in the presence of heat to create neutral THC and CBD. Acidic cannabinoids are speculated to have some pharmacological properties, although, their psychotropic activity is limited due to their inability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Conversely, further degradation of THC will result in the formation of cannabinol (CBN), a cannabinoid with less potent psychoactive, analgesic, and anticonvulsant activity (Citti et al. 2016).
Cannabidiol in low back pain: scientific rationale for clinical trials in low back pain
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Gabor Xantus, Laszlo Zavori, Candice Matheson, V. Anna Gyarmathy, Laszlo M Fazekas, Peter Kanizsai
The medical use of whole plant cannabis (which contains over a hundred known active molecules) is limited because of its inevitable (and by largely unpredictable) psychoactive properties; leaving it as ultimum refugium (where all other measures failed) [3]. Studies with various cannabinoids (like CBG, CBN, tetrahydrocannabivarin and terpenoids/flavonoids) have produced promising results; however, studies with individual alkaloids have not been able to replicate the effect of the whole plant. This synergistic phenomenon is called the entourage effect. Given the above, the CBD molecule may be a desirable adjunct in various conditions, it can be administered via numerous routes, it is well tolerated by adults and children alike, and so far, has been safe in all animal and clinical models [4].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cannabidiol
- Endocannabinoid System
- In Vivo
- Partial Agonist
- Psychoactive Drug
- Cannabinoid
- Chemical Affinity
- Cannabinoid Receptor 1
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2
- Cannabis Concentrate