Trade in Indian Medicinal Plants
T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur in Ethnobotany of India, 2017
There are no or only few reliable trade data available for single botanicals (Lange, 1998). The commodity group of Pharmaceutical plants includes those used only in small quantities as well as bulk material with great industrial importance. In Germany, the most used medicinal plant is Gingko (Gingko biloba), followed by Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Hawthorne (Crataegus spp.), St John’s-Wort (Hypericum perforatum), Nettle (Urtica dioca), Echinacea (Echinacea spp.), Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens), and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) (Grünwald and Büttle, 1996). Some of these plants are also highly used in the USA, like Echinacea, St. John’s-wort, and Saw Palmetto, but the preferences are somewhat different: Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Cat’s Claw (Uncaria species), Astragalus membranaceus, Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis) and Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) are listed among the top-selling botanicals (Laird, 1999).
Facts about Standardization of Herbal Medicines
Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg in Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Differentiation of crude drugs may be done on the basis of organoleptic characters such as color, odor, taste, size, and shapes surface characteristics particularly textures and fractures. Examples include a bitter taste of nux vomica, the aromatic odor of Umbelliferae fruits, fractured surfaces of cascara, quillia bark, compound squill of cinchona, and brown color of cinnamon. The shape of the drug may be conical, cylindrical, subcylindrical, and fusiform. Taste of crude drugs may sweet, sour, saline, bitter, and tasteless. The difference in the shape of leaves considered on the basis of types of arrangements of leaves, margin, apex, and its base.
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Bitter cascara extract has been used in liqueurs, the debittered extract in baked goods, ice creams, and soft drink. Drug of the bark commonly employed as a purgative, strong when fresh, milder with age (e.g., 3 years). Usually sold in quills. Used veterinarily, especially for constipated dogs. Flowers an important bee forage in California. Fruits eaten raw or cooked but can cause a transient reddening of the skin.17 Useful in sunscreens.211 Nearly 2.5 million prescriptions (0.16% of all prescriptions sold in U.S. in 1973) sold in 1973 contain cascara extracts.98
A Purported Detoxification Supplement Does Not Improve Body Composition, Waist Circumference, Blood Markers, or Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Adult Females
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Grant Tinsley, Stacie Urbina, Emily Santos, Katelyn Villa, Cliffa Foster, Colin Wilborn, Lem Taylor
Following baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to consume the dietary supplement (SUP) or placebo (PL) for four weeks. The commercially available dietary supplement (FitMiss Cleanse) contains herbal ingredients that purportedly promote a healthy body weight, reduce bloating, and support the health and detoxification of the body. Each serving of dietary supplement contains 1,350 mg of a proprietary blend of herbal ingredients (papaya leaf, cascara sagrada bark, slippery elm bark, peppermint leaf, red raspberry leaf, fenugreek seed, ginger root, and senna leaf). All participants were provided with supplement or placebo capsules and were instructed to take two capsules with breakfast daily for four weeks. Participants were instructed to maintain their regular nutrition and exercise habits during this time. After the supplementation period, participants repeated the laboratory assessments. Testing occurred at the same time of day for both research visits. Three-day dietary records were obtained at baseline and near the end of the supplementation period for nutritional analysis.
Influence of andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Xiaoli Zhang, Xiaosu Zhang, Xiaocui Wang, Meijun Zhao
In various countries and regions, especially in China, physicians prefer to combine herbal medicine with warfarin to achieve better effects and to prevent or reduce the side effects (Chua et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016; Choi et al. 2017; Di Minno et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018). Certain herbs, including aloe, jalap, cascara and rhubarb, have been found to affect the metabolism of warfarin via cytochrome P450s (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases pathway (Greenblatt and von Moltke 2005; Lee and Fermo 2006; Milic et al. 2014). Therefore, it is important to study the interactions between herbal medicines and warfarin so as to determine their optimal clinical applications.
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