Phytotherapeutic Agents in Epilepsy
Vikas Kumar, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu in Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management, 2018
β-Caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene isolated from essential oil fractions of a wide range of plant species including clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum; Fam. Myrtaceae), Acorus gramineus (Fam. Araceae), Cannabis sativa (Fam. Cannabacea), Rosmarinus officinalis (Fam. Lamiaceae), Lavandula angustifolia (Fam. Lamiaceae), Piper nigrum (Fam. Piperaceae), etc. Fragrance inhalation (aroma therapy) with the essential oil from A. gramineus has been shown to exhibit central anticonvulsant activity.99 Preinhalation of the oil has been shown to markedly delay the appearance of PTZ-induced convulsions in mice coupled with concomitant increase in GABA levels and decrease in glutamate levels in brain. As β-caryophyllene constitutes a major portion of this essential oil, a recent study has demonstrated the anticonvulsant effects of β-caryophyllene against PTZ-induced seizures in mice.100 However, β-caryophyllene did not prevent PTZ-induced oxidative stress (i.e., increase in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances or the decreased nonprotein thiol content) at anticonvulsant doses.
Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
β-caryophyllene (BCP) and β-caryophyllene oxide (BCPO) are sesquiterpenes present in several plants. These compounds have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, as well as other biological properties. BCP is a chemical compound found in several plants, such as oregano (Origanum vulgare), cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum). This substance is observed in several Amazonian species, such as in the EOs of Lauraceae species, especially in the Ocotea genus (Yamaguchi et al. 2013) and also in the copaíba oleoresin, both from Copaifera multijuga and Copaifera langsdorffii (Oliveira et al. 2016). However, in Moroccan varieties of the species Syzygium aromaticum (cloves) the extraction yields of EOs are high (about 8.3%) and the percentage of BCP is also high, greater than 27%. Indonesia is the world’s leading exporter of clove buds, the EOs of which are distilled to produce eugenol (present in quantities two to three times greater than BCP), a phenylpropanoid with strong antiseptic action, which will be discussed later. Thus, the BCP present in clove buds, after distillation to concentrate eugenol, becomes an extremely inexpensive residue from the extraction process.
Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist, is a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in clove oil, the oil from the stems and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum, cannabis, rosemary, and hops.45 In several studies, it has been found to have antidepressant-like effects in mice through decreases in immobility times in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. It also exhibits anxiolytic like effects in mice in the elevated plus maze, open field test, and marble burying tests.46 In one study, the antidepressantlike effects of chronically administered β-caryophyllene in mice were accompanied by increases in hippocampal levels of BDNF.47
GC/MS analysis and potential synergistic effect of mandarin and marjoram oils on Helicobacter pylori
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Rawah H. Elkousy, Nada M. Mostafa, Ahmed M. Abd-alkhalek, Mahmoud A. El Hassab, Sara T. Al-Rashood, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Omayma A. Eldahshan
β-Caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, which is extracted from clove and tested for the eradication of H. pylori in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Interestingly, β-caryophyllene showed potent antimicrobial activity against H. pylori by direct killing action. In addition, it improved the inflammation of the gastric mucosa by decreasing H. pylori number53. The use of compounds with natural origin has gained popularity in scientific research focussed on drug innovation against H. pylori because of their broad flexibility and low toxicity. For example, monoterpenes limonene and β-pinene resulted in MICs against H. pylori of 75 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL respectively54.
Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz, Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel, Raúl González-García, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez, Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo, Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
In addition to thymol and carvacrol, L. graveolens oleoresins collected in different areas, also share the presence of compounds, such as linalool, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene (humulene), caryophyllene oxide, and humulene epoxide (Table 5). It has been demonstrated that eucalyptol showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases, including respiratory, pancreatitis, colon damage, and neurodegenerative diseases [57]. The synergic of eucalyptol and terpinen-4-ol, have shown to have a stronger antimicrobial effect [58]. Terpineol has been an excellent bactericidal against S. aureus strains [6,10,59]. Humulene, a natural monocycle terpene, was able to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and induced HCC apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [60]. β-caryophyllene, a major plant volatile found in essential oils of many different spices and food plants, such as oregano, is a phytocannabionoid with a strong affinity to cannabinoid receptor type-2. The action of β-caryophyllene oxide could be partly based on its ability to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and to activate the initiator of caspases, but other mechanisms could be involved [61]. β-caryophyllene, humulene, and β-caryophyllene oxide presented anti-cancer properties [61,62].
Pharmacological and biotechnological advances with Rosmarinus officinalis L
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Josynaria Araújo Neves, Josyanne Araújo Neves, Rita de Cassia Meneses Oliveira
Despite the existence of an essential oil article associated with hypertension, such as Adefegha, Olasehinde, and Oboh [56], which evaluated the antihypertensive effects of the essential oils on the seeds of Afromomum melegueta and A. danielli, besides antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In this study, the results (GC-MS) revealed that eugenol, eucalyptol, α-terpineol, α-caryophyllene, and β-caryophyllene were the most abundant components. The A. melegueta oil showed a higher inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with EC50 values of 139.00 and 91.83 μL/mL, respectively, than A. danielli. However, A. danielli oil (EC50 = 48.73 μL/mL) showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity and showed the highest OH radiation deviation and Fe2+ chelation capacity. This study reports the biochemical principle by which the essential oils of the seeds A. danielli and A. melegueta provoke their therapeutic effects on type-2 diabetes and arterial hypertension.