Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Carum carvi with a common name caraway or meridian fennel, is a member of Apiaceae family. It is endemic to Western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Aqueous extract of caraway when administrated to STZ-I hyperglycemic rats at a dosage of 0.03 and 0.06 g/kg b.w. for 2 months resulted in a decrease in serum sugar levels, creatinine, total urinary protein and thus demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic as well as reno-protective ability. These properties were due to flavonoids and carvones present in caraway extract (Sadiq et al., 2010). Oral administration of C. carvi at a dosage of 1 g/kg b.w. daily in hyperglycemic male Wistar rats resulted in a remarkable lowering of blood glucose levels, alleviation of their loss in body weight and reduction in total cholesterol and LDL levels (Haidari et al., 2011).
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Carum carvi (Figure 7.21) is a biennial plant growing up to 0.6 m by 0.3 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The seed is antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactogogue, and stimulant. The seed is also used in the treatment of bronchitis and are an ingredient of cough remedies, especially useful for children. The seed is also said to increase the production of breast milk in nursing mothers. A tea made from the seeds is a pleasant stomachic and carminative, and it has been used to treat flatulent colic (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Khan et al., 2016b).
Natural Variability of Essential Oil Components
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
The well-known caraway (Carum carvi) seems to be an essential oil–bearing species of relatively low variability concerning the oil constituents. Nowadays, besides being a popular spice, it is a source of essential oil of excellent antimicrobial properties, but the spasmolytic and cholagogue effects justify its use in phytotherapy, too. In the oil of caraway, the ratio of the main components S(+) carvone and R(+) limonene in the oil is above 90%, most frequently above 95% (Table 4.1). Variability is manifested in most cases only in their proportions compared to each other. Minor constituents have been rarely identified and mentioned. The majority of constituents are all monoterpenes, besides the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene and some phenolic and aliphatic compounds.
Phytochemical and biological activities of some Iranian medicinal plants
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Salome Dini, Qihe Chen, Faezeh Fatemi, Younes Asri
Caraway seeds (C. carvi) (Figure 1(B)) are used medicinally as a laxative, carminative, appetite stimulant, besides increasing lactation in pregnant women and alleviating menstrual pain (Haidari et al. 2011; Keshavarz et al. 2012). The in vitro antioxidant property of C. carvi essential oil measured by β-carotene bleaching and DPPH assays was reported by Fatemi et al. (2011). Moreover, other studies determined the antioxidant activity of C. carvi essential oil on liver and lung tissue changes histopathologically and indicated that C. carvi essential oil retained the balance via oxidants and antioxidants (Fatemi et al. 2010; Dadkhah et al. 2011, 2018). In a study on antibacterial activity of caraway essential oil, the Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus exhibited more sensitivity in relation to Gram-negative pathogens; E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Sayhoon et al. 2013).
Phytochemical constitutes and biological activities of essential oil extracted from irradiated caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Amina Aly, Rabab Maraei, Ahmed Rezk, Ayman Diab
The genus Carum contains 25 species, and caraway is the only annual and biennial economical one as a spice, appetizer, and carminative in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Carum carvi seeds contain EOs (3–7%), fatty acids (10–18%), proteins (20%), carbohydrates (15%) (Olennikov and Kashchenko 2014), phenols, and flavonoid substances (Sachan et al. 2016). Alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids were found in Carum carvi extracts (Showraki et al. 2016).
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