Sources of Essential Oils
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
The efficacy of selection has been shown by examples of many species, for instance, of the Lamiaceae family, starting from “Mitcham” peppermint and derived varieties (Lawrence, 2007), basil (Elementi et al., 2006), sage (Bezzi, 1994; Bernáth, 2000) to thyme (Rey, 1993). It is a well-known method also in the breeding of caraway (Pank et al., 1996) and fennel (Desmarest, 1992) as well as of tropical and subtropical species such as palmarosa grass (Kulkarni, 1990), tea tree (Taylor, 1996), and eucalyptus (Doran, 2002). At perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees clone breeding, that is, the vegetative propagation of selected high-performance individual plants, is the method of choice, especially in sterile or not type-true hybrids, for example, peppermint (M. piperita) or lavandin (Lavandula × hybrida). But this method is often applied also at sage (Bazina et al., 2002), rosemary (Mulas et al., 2002), lemongrass (Kulkarni and Ramesh, 1992), pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg (Nair, 1982), and many other species.
Potential of Spices As Medicines and Immunity Boosters
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Caraway, a plant similar in appearance to members of the carrot family, is recommended as a remedy for digestive problems like flatulence bloating, stomach aches, constipation, lack of appetite and nausea. In small children, caraway is used to treat the accumulation of gases in the alimentary canal and accompanying pains. Fruits of caraway ingested orally produce an effect on the digestive tract, liver, and kidneys. They have smooth muscle relaxing properties, whereby bile ducts and the sphincter normalize the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions to the duodenum and thus enhance gastric juices’ secretion, resulting in better appetite. Enhanced production of milk by use of caraway fruits in women and bovines was observed, which also had an indirect beneficial effect on the baby’s digestive system, because of the muscle-relaxing properties. The component promoting milk secretion in caraway seed has not been known, however limonene and carvone, which is most abundantly found in caraway, contribute to the antigripping qualities and used in alternative medicine (Malhotra, 2006).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Apium graveolens (celery) is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae, which includes angelica, anise, caraway, carrot, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, hemlock, and parsley. Like many plants in this family, Apium graveolens has for thousands of years been used as food, spice, and medicine. The leaves, stalks, and seeds of the plant have traditionally been used to treat rheumatism, gout, urinary tract inflammation, agitation, anorexia, exhaustion, and depression.1Apium graveolens contains a wide variety of phytochemicals including limonene, selenine, celerin, bergapten, apiumoside, apiumetin, apigravrin, osthenol, isopimpinellin, isoimperatorin, celereoside, graveobiosides, apigenin, isoquercitrin, pinene, camphene, cymene, α-thuyene, β-phellendrene, γ-terpinene, sabinene, terpinolene, myristicic, myristic, santalol, eudesmol, sedanenolide, and 3-n-butylphthalide.2 It is likely sedanenolide and 3-n-butylphthalide that are responsible for the characteristic flavor and aroma of Apium graveolens.
Phytochemical and biological activities of some Iranian medicinal plants
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Salome Dini, Qihe Chen, Faezeh Fatemi, Younes Asri
Caraway seeds (C. carvi) (Figure 1(B)) are used medicinally as a laxative, carminative, appetite stimulant, besides increasing lactation in pregnant women and alleviating menstrual pain (Haidari et al. 2011; Keshavarz et al. 2012). The in vitro antioxidant property of C. carvi essential oil measured by β-carotene bleaching and DPPH assays was reported by Fatemi et al. (2011). Moreover, other studies determined the antioxidant activity of C. carvi essential oil on liver and lung tissue changes histopathologically and indicated that C. carvi essential oil retained the balance via oxidants and antioxidants (Fatemi et al. 2010; Dadkhah et al. 2011, 2018). In a study on antibacterial activity of caraway essential oil, the Gram-positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus exhibited more sensitivity in relation to Gram-negative pathogens; E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Sayhoon et al. 2013).
Carvone protects against paclitaxel-induced retinal and optic nerve cytotoxicity: a histopathological study
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Emine Cinici, Nilay Dilekmen, Zerrin Kutlu, Busra Dincer, Ozkan Cinici, Hilal Balta, Ilknur Calık
Bioactive compounds from plants are extensively studied for their capacity to protect cells from damage which is induced by OS. Carvone (CVN) (5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone) is a natural monocyclic monoterpene which is found naturally in many essential oils8. It is most abundant in the oils from seeds of caraway (Carum carvi L. Umbelliferae), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill8. CVN forms two enantiomers: R-(–)-CVN, or L-CVN and its mirror image, S-(+)-CVN, or D-CVN 9. There is accumulating evidence indicating that CVN has impressive health-promoting effects, among them are antioxidant, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticonvulsant activities10. To our knowledge, no research exists addressing the possible protective effects of CVN focusing primarily on retinal and/or optic nerve tissues. This study aims to evaluate whether CVN has any protective effect against OS-based cytotoxicity induced by PTX in retinal and optic nerve tissues histopathologically.
Phytochemical constitutes and biological activities of essential oil extracted from irradiated caraway seeds (Carum carvi L.)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Amina Aly, Rabab Maraei, Ahmed Rezk, Ayman Diab
The genus Carum contains 25 species, and caraway is the only annual and biennial economical one as a spice, appetizer, and carminative in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Carum carvi seeds contain EOs (3–7%), fatty acids (10–18%), proteins (20%), carbohydrates (15%) (Olennikov and Kashchenko 2014), phenols, and flavonoid substances (Sachan et al. 2016). Alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids were found in Carum carvi extracts (Showraki et al. 2016).
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