Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Capsicum annuum, common name cayenne pepper or bell pepper, is included in Solanaceae family and endemic to Northern South America and Southern North America. It is a spicing agent due to the compound capsaicin which creates a burning sensation. C. annuum has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic activity by mechanisms like inhibition of alpha amylase, inhibition of alpha glucosidase, antioxidant activity, insulin mimetic, activation of TRPV-1 resulting in improvement of insulin resistance, by increasing insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and others (Watcharachaisoponsiri et al., 2016; Earnest et al., 2013). A four-week study on AI hyperglycemic rats showed that a diet rich with high fat after treatment with 0.015% capsaicin significantly shows anti-hyperglycemic effects by reversing the serum level of glucose, cholesterol, and total glycerides (TG) (Magied et al., 2014).
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Capsicum annuum contains capsaicin (596), and its homologues having an alkylvanillylamides possess various interesting biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, saliva- and stomach juice–inducing activity, analgesic, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antirheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic neuropathy and are used as food additives. On the other hand, because of potent pungency and irritation on skin and mucous membrane, it has not yet been permitted as medicinal drug. In order to reduce this typical pungency and application of nonpungent capsaicin metabolites to the crude drug, capsaicin (596) (600 mg) including 30% of dihydrocapsaicin (600) was incubated in Czapek-peptone medium including A. niger for 7 days to give three metabolites, w1-hydroxylated capsaicin (597, 60.9%), 8,9-dihydro-w1-hydroxycapsaicin (598%, 16%), and a carboxylic acid (599, 13.6%). All of the metabolites do not show pungency (Figure 23.166).
Tropical Herbs and Spices as Functional Foods with Antidiabetic Activities
Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria in Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) contains capsaicinoids, β-carotene, phenols, flavonoid, squalene, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, phosphor, potassium, phytosterols, and fatty acid. Harvesting time determines the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of red pepper through the stable accumulation of vitamin E, phytosterols, and fatty acid [21]. Concentrations of quercetin and catechin differ among colored bell pepper at maturation stages [35]. Furthermore, peel, and seed extracts of red sweet pepper inhibit pancreatic α-amylase activity but it does not influence α-glucosidase activity. They contain high concentration of phenolic compounds (such as: rutin, gallic acid, carvacrol, and 4-OH benzoic acid) with antioxidant activity [98].
Protective Effects of Dietary Capsaicin on the Initiation Step of a Two-Stage Hepatocarcinogenesis Rat Model
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Luis Manuel Sarmiento-Machado, Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo, Joyce Regina Zapaterini, Mariana Baptista Tablas, Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes, Fernando Salvador Moreno, Luís Fernando Barbisan
In the light of these well-accepted translational bioassays, the potential use of natural bioactive components from dietary sources has emerged as an attractive avenue in the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinogenesis (3). One of these compounds is capsaicin (CPS) (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide), the principal pungent component present in Capsicum genus plants that contain five domesticated species (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum pubescens), all known as peppers and estimated to be consumed by one quarter of the world population (10). Native to the Americas and widely cultivated by Mesoamerican populations due to their culinary applications, the production of Capsicum peppers is remarkably widespread globally, reaching 36 million of tons in 2017 with a 25% increase in the last decade (11). Experimentally, CPS has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities by decreasing the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in macrophages (12). In addition, CPS exerted antioxidant activity in human endothelial cells by attenuating both lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxLDL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (13). CPS also showed anti-fibrotic properties, abrogating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation during bile duct ligation- and carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis in mice (14). Due to these and other beneficial properties, CPS has emerged as a potential therapeutic drug to treat several human chronic diseases, including cancer (15).
Distribution of 210Po in spice plants cultivated by conventional farming
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Being a hilly area, a variety of spice plants are cultivated using traditional farming methods. Popular spice plants commonly consumed by the general public have been listed. Spice samples collected in present study included seed and leaf of Elettaria cardamomum, Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Coffea arabica, Piper nigrum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, leaf and rhizome of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, and flower bud and leaf of Syzygium aromaticum. Fruits and leaves of commonly grown spice plant Capsicum annuum were also collected for estimation of 210Po activity concentration. Procedures followed for selection of sampling sites for collection of various parts of spice plants and sample handling methods were same as that followed by spice producers (FAO 2005; Nitin 2013; Sivakumar 2014). Various parts of plants of bigger size like Syzygium aromaticum were collected from the same plant. For plants of smaller size, composite samples of equal quantities of plant parts from neighboring plants belonging to same species in a particular location were collected and each composite sample acted as a representative of the plant species for sampled location. Dust and other materials settled on the surface of sampling plants were removed by blowing air and by using a soft plastic brush. About 2 kg of each part of spice plants were collected at each sampled location. Particular species growing under similar conditions at various locations of study area were also collected for the estimation of 210Po concentration. Number of samples collected for estimation of 210Po concentration is given in the square bracket in Table 1.
Green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: effects on in-vitro seedlings and callus cultures of Silybum marianum and evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer potential
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Faryal Saeed, Muhammad Younas, Hina Fazal, Sadaf Mushtaq, Faiz ur Rahman, Muzamil Shah, Sumaira Anjum, Nisar Ahmad, Mohammad Ali, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi
These results are in harmony with those reported by García-López et al. [45] who suggested that ZnO-NPs in concentration from 100 to 500 ppm enhanced the accumulation of phenolic content in radicle of Capsicum annuum seedlings. Similarly, the application of 500 ppm ZnO-NPs elevated the TFC in Capsicum annuum radicle [45]. Likewise, ZnO-NPs increased total flavonoid and phenolic contents in seedlings of Glycyrrhiza glabra [46]. Total phenolic compounds were also found to be stimulated in potato plants, where the increase was much significant at 500 ppm ZnO-NPs [47].
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