The kidneys
Martin Andrew Crook in Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, 2013
Tissue precipitation of calcium to phosphate may occur early in renal disease and is related to hyperphosphataemia and the calcium phosphate product (calcium concentration × phosphate concentration). This precipitation can be reduced by adequate fluid intake. Dietary phosphate restriction is used in the early stages of chronic renal dysfunction. If the plasma phosphate concentration is raised, phosphate-binding agents such as calcium acetate or carbonate may be indicated. When GFR is below 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, secondary hyperparathyroidism with elevated PTH concentration occurs. Giving small doses of active vitamin D, such as calcitriol or alfacalcidol, reduces the serum PTH, and improves bone histology, and leads to increased bone mineral density and helps avoid renal osteodystrophy, hypocalcaemia and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (see Chapter 6).
Immunolocalization of CUZN Sod
Robert A. Greenwald in CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
CAF fixative is prepared under a fume hood by dissolving paraformaldehyde in hot (60°C) distilled water (4%, w/v) with stirring. Calcium acetate (2%) is added with stirring and the solution is stirred until clear (30 to 60 min). The fixative is ready for use when cool and may be stored indefinitely at room temperature.
An update on phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: a review of safety profiles
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Hiroaki Ogata, Akiko Takeshima, Hidetoshi Ito
Since the late 1980s, calcium-based phosphate binders, including calcium acetate and calcium carbonate, both of which are well tolerated and have a stable phosphate-lowering action, have been used for hyperphosphatemia in patients with CKD, instead of aluminum-containing phosphate binders [19,20]. However, the use of calcium-based phosphate binders can increase intestinal calcium absorption, which can lead to hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia was more frequent when calcium acetate was used rather than calcium carbonate for treating hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients [19,20]. They have long been suggested to be of serious concern, as the increased calcium load accelerates vascular calcification, which is significantly predictive of cardiovascular events [21]. This calcification might lead to higher all-cause death and cardiovascular risk as compared with non-calcium-based phosphate binders [22]. Therefore, the updated KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for CKD-MBD in 2017 recommend the restriction of calcium-based phosphate binder doses for hypercalcemia in patients with advanced CKD [3]. This issue will be discussed in detail in the Expert Opinion section.
Micro/nanostructured TiO2/ZnO coating enhances osteogenic activity of SaOS-2 cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Ranran Zhang, Nan Xu, Xujie Liu, Xing Yang, Hao Yan, Jing Ma, Qingling Feng, Zhijian Shen
Titanium Samples (commercially pure titanium Grade 2) with a diameter of 14.5 mm and thickness of 1 mm were polished and then ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, ethanol and deionized water successively, each for 5 min. The micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment of the Ti discs was carried out under a pulsed 250 V in positive and 5 V in negative AC field (WHD-20, Harbin, China). 0.1 M calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O), 0.1 M disodium edetate dihydrate (Na2(EDTA)), 0.25 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 0.02 M sodium silicate (Na2SiO3·9H2O) were added into deionized water as electrolyte solution. The duration, frequency and duty of the pulsed AC power were 5 min, 50 Hz, 50%, respectively. Circulating water was employed in the cooling system. After the MAO process, samples were ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in acetone, ethanol and deionized water, each for 5 min. The coating treated with MAO was referred as MAO group. Subsequently, the samples underwent a hydrothermal treatment in 8 ml ammonium hydroxide containing 0.02 M zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2), with a pH value of 12.6, at 200 °C for 4 h. After then, the samples underwent a heat treatment at 450 °C for 3 h following at 700 °C for 3 h. And then an ultrasonic treatment was applied in deionized water for 5 min, which removed the loosely adhered ZnO on the coating (referred as MHTZn group).
Penile calciphylaxis with extragenital gangrene
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Marcus Zaayman, Annika Silfvast-Kaiser, Edgar Rodriguez, Andrew J. DeCrescenzo, Alan Menter
A 44-year-old Hispanic man with type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cytomegaloviral viremia, remote deep venous thrombosis, successful pancreatic transplant (on immunosuppressive therapy), rejected kidney transplant with allograft nephrectomy, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3-month history of a bleeding, painful, black lesion on the glans penis. Two months prior, he was diagnosed with balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis) and underwent circumcision. His condition persisted with progressive darkening of the glans, while developing similar nonhealing wounds on his bilateral feet and right thigh. The patient underwent subsequent amputation of his right first and second toes. A prior biopsy from his right thigh could not rule out calciphylaxis. He was discharged on sodium thiosulfate for presumed calciphylaxis and sevelamer was substituted for calcium acetate.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acetic Acid
- Calcium
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Hydroxide
- Chemical Compound
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Phosphate
- Vinegar
- Salt
- Kidney Disease