Natural Products as Economical Agents for Antioxidant Activity
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt in Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Hence, these bioactive molecules represent vast untapped source for medicines and other healthcare products. In recent years, various natural sources (herbs, fruits, and vegetables) have gained interest for the production of antioxidants and the manufacturing of antioxidants supplements. This concern is mainly rising due to consumption of synthetic antioxidant compounds such as butylates hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which have proven toxic for pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and human health. Moreover, due to their enormous therapeutic potential, various plants have been investigated and studied by many researchers.2,54,58,70,71,74
The Two-Step Concept of Intestinal Carcinogenesis
Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Rat liver is one of the organ systems in which multistage tumorigenesis has been described. Studies by Peraino have shown that phenobarbital given orally is a tumor promoter in rats initiated with 2-acetylaminofluorene.8 The enhancing effect is dependent on the length of time phenobarbital is fed. There are two other systems in which carcinogenesis has been enhanced by exposure to chemicals after treatment of the animal with an initiating agent. Intraperitoneal injections of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were shown to increase cell proliferation and lung adenomas in mice previously treated with urethane.9 Saccharin and dl-tryptophan have been shown to increase bladder tumors in both dogs and rats, when given after the carcinogen.10 The remainder of this report will deal with the phenomenon of initiation and promotion as it applies to the intestinal tract.
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined by a DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the results showed that 2-(2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl) phenoxy)benzoic acid, kaempferol, isolariciresinol, butylated hydroxytoluene, and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate exhibited good antioxidant activities. An interesting finding was that butylated hydroxytoluene, generally understood to be a synthetic antioxidant used as a food preservative, was detected as a natural antioxidant in this analysis. The novel compound exhibited no inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase activities (Jiang, Lin, Wen et al. 2013).
Assessing the effect of Mentha longifolia essential oils on COX-2 expression in animal model of sepsis induced by caecal ligation and puncture
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Abolfazl Dadkhah, Faezeh Fatemi, Azadeh Rasooli, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Malayeri, Fatemeh Torabi
The antioxidant activity of essential oils was determined using the β-carotene bleaching test (Taga et al. 1984). Approximately, 10 mg of β-carotene (type I synthetic) was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform, and then, 0.2 mL of this solution was added to a boiling flask containing 20 mg linoleic acid and 200 mg Tween 40. Chloroform was removed using a rotary evaporator at 40 °C for 10 min. Then, 50 mL of distilled water saturated with oxygen was added slowly with vigorous agitation to form an emulsion. The emulsion (5 mL) was added to a tube containing 0.2 mL of essential oil solution prepared according to Choi et al. (2000). The absorbance was immediately measured at 470 nm against a blank consisting of an emulsion without β-carotene. The tubes were placed in a water bath at 50 °C and emulsion oxidation was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring absorbance at 470 nm over a 60 min period. Samples containing 0.2 mL of ethanol instead of essential oils were also monitored and used as a control. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 1 mM in ethanol), a stable antioxidant, was used as the reference. The antioxidant activity was expressed as inhibition percentage with reference to the control sample after 60 min of incubation, using the following equation:
Effects of Sargassum virgatum extracts on the testicular measurements, genomic DNA and antioxidant enzymes in irradiated rats
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Ahmed I. Semaida, Mona A. El-Khashab, Abdullah A. Saber, Amal I. Hassan, Shady A. Elfouly
The method adopted by Chu et al. (2000) was used to estimate the DPPH˙ (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities of both the S. virgatum-EtOH and aqueous extracts. One milliliter of each seaweed extract was added to 0.5 ml of 100 µM DPPH˙ solution. The mixture was shaken vigorously and then allowed to stand in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. The absorbance was measured at 515 nm using a Unicum UV-300 UV/Vis spectrophotometer. Butylated hydroxytoluene, a commercially available antioxidant, was used as a positive control whereas the negative control included DPPH˙ and ethanol or distilled water. The data were expressed as DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity % and calculated as follows: AC is the absorbance of the control reaction and AS is the absorbance of the seaweed extract. All determinations were carried out in triplicate. The lower the reaction mixture absorbance, the higher the antiradical efficacy.
Circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake: data from the lifelines biobank and cohort study
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Ilse G. Pranger, Eva Corpeleijn, Frits A. J. Muskiet, Ido P. Kema, Cécile Singh-Povel, Stephan J. L. Bakker
EDTA-plasma samples were collected at baseline and stored frozen at −80 °C until use for assessment of fatty acid profiles. Analyses of fatty acids were performed in the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands using the methodology as described by Hoving et al. (1988). In short, total lipids were extracted by the method of Folch et al., using 6 ml of chloroform-methanol (2:1) and a 200 µl EDTA-plasma sample (Folch et al.1957). After that, a shortened version of the method of Kaluzny et al. was used to isolate plasma cholesterol esters (CE), triglycerides (TG) and phoshpolipids (PL), using aminopropyl SPE columns (Isolute, Biotage) (Kaluzny et al. 1985). Fatty acids were transmethylated with methanolic-HCL into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The samples were extracted with hexane and eventually redissolved into 100 µl hexane. Internal standards for the quantification of fatty acids in CE (100 µl of a solution of 50.1 mg C17:0/100 ml chloroform-methanol, 2:1 v/v) and TG (100 µl of a solution of 19.9 mg of C19:0/100 ml chloroform-methanol, 2:1 v/v), both obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands), were added before isolation of lipid classes. An internal standard for the quantification of fatty acids in PL (100 µl of a solution of 50.0 mg free fatty acid 19:0/100 ml methanol), obtained from Larodan (Solna, Sweden), was added after isolation of lipid classes. 100 µl Butylated Hydroxytoluene (1 g/100 ml methanol) from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands) was added to prevent fatty acid oxidation.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antioxidant
- Antiviral Drug
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- Organic Compound
- Phenol
- Radical
- Redox
- Generally Recognized as Safe
- Food Additive
- Regulation of Therapeutic Goods