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Butenafine
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Russell E. Lewis, Nicholas D. Beyda, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Butenafine is well tolerated as a topical antifungal. In controlled clinical trials, 9/815 patients (approximately 1%) treated with butenafine cream reported adverse events related to the skin, which was similar to the rate found in patients treated with vehicle controls (Bertek, 2001). These reactions included burning/stinging at the application site and worsening of the treated condition. No patient treated with butenafine discontinued treatment because of an adverse event. In open-label clinical trials, the most frequently reported adverse events during butenafine therapy were contact dermatitis, erythema, irritation, and itching, each occurring in less than 2% of patients. Butenafine cream and solution are not considered to be skin irritants (Rubin et al., 2002). In provocative testing in over 200 subjects, there was no evidence of allergic contact sensitization for either the cream or the vehicle base for butenafine cream 1% (Bertek, 2001). In a patch test study of 36 healthy volunteers, butenafine did not result in any positive reactions, which were noted in 8.3% of patients challenged with econazole solution, 5.6% challenged with econazole solution, and 2.8% challenged with tolciclate cream.
Co-delivery of amphotericin B and pentamidine loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Adnan Anjum, Kanwal Shabbir, Fakhar Ud Din, Shumaila Shafique, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Ali H Almari, Taha Alqahtani, Aleena Maryiam, Muhammad Moneeb Khan, Adel Al Fatease, Sidra Bashir, Gul Majid Khan
Due to side effects reported with oral and parenteral route of administration, WHO recommended the topical route of administration for the treatment of CL (Organization, 2010). Although, topical route avoids adverse effects associated with systemic absorption, yet creates hindrance in penetration of drug through the stratum corneum (SC) and this problem is best resolved by nanoparticles (Jamshaid et al., 2021). Similarly, Salim et al, reported the promising result of chitosan based rifampicin and vancomycin transferosomal gel against CL via topical route of administration (Salim et al., 2020). Bezerra-Souza et al., demonstrated that topical treatment of animals with butenafine showed good results with decrease in lesion size and parasite load. At the same time butenefine gel presented similar results as the efficacy shown by glucantime administered by intra leisional route (more side effects and drug resistance problem) (Bezerra-Souza et al., 2021). Herein, AmB-PTM-NIO were incorporated into chitosan gel to improve the withholding time of nanocarriers at the site of infection and enable AmB-PTM-NIO to penetrate skin layers for long time period. AmB-PTM-NIO were engulfed by macrophages after crossing skin layers, where they promoted healing by killing the leishmanial strains. Thus, we report AmB-PTM-NIO loaded gel with targeted drug delivery inside macrophages with better anti leishmanial activity.
Nanotechnological interventions in dermatophytosis: from oral to topical, a fresh perspective
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Riya Bangia, Gajanand Sharma, Sunil Dogra, Om Prakash Katare
Butenafine is another drug that shows potent anti-dermatophytic action along with fungicidal activity against Aspergillus, dimorphic, and dematiaceous fungi. Moreover, it has anti-inflammatory activity. FDA has approved butenafine 1% cream for treating interdigital tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea cruris [37]. According to Thaker et al., topical 1% butenafine is found to have more efficacy, low cost, and equal safety in comparison to 2% sertaconazole but less efficacious, cost-effective, and safe than Whitfield’s ointment consisting of weekly 150 mg dose of oral fluconazole for the management of tinea infections [38,39].
Formulation and evaluation of butenafine loaded PLGA-nanoparticulate laden chitosan nano gel
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Sultan Alshehri, Syed Sarim Imam
Butenafine hydrochloride (BT) is a new generation antimycotic drug with potent antifungal activity. It acts by inhibiting sterol synthesis and also blocks the squalene epoxidation (Ahmed et al., 2021). The chemical formula and molecular weight of BT are C23H27N.HCl and 353.93 g/mole (Rao et al., 2016). It is not administered by the oral route because it is highly metabolized by the liver and having low oral bioavailability (Mahdi et al., 2021). It is poorly soluble in water and soluble in methanol, chloroform, ethanol, and dichloromethane.