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Antiasthma Agents during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Chapter 11 covers antihistamine and expectorant use during pregnancy. The following relevant medications are included in Chapter 11: brompheniramine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, loratadine, oxymetazoline, pheniramine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, tripelennamine and triprolidine are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. Some literature suggests that expectorants and mucolytics have efficacy for asthma treatment.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Correlations of Antihistamines
Published in Hartmut Derendorf, Günther Hochhaus, Handbook of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation, 2019
Eric Snoeck, Achiel Van Peer, Jos Heykants
Simons et al.41 described the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of brompheniramine and its suppression of the histamine-induced wheal and flare reaction in seven healthy subjects after a single oral dose of 0.13 mg/kg. Maximal inhibition of the mean wheal and flare areas occurred at 6 h after intake, whereas the peak serum concentration of brompheniramine was reached at 3 h. Mean wheal and flare areas were significantly reduced from 3 to 9 h and from 3 to 48 h after dosing, respectively. Sleepiness, however, coincided with the peak concentration of brompheniramine.
Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects Associated with H1 Receptor Antagonists
Published in Sam Kacew, Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics, 1990
Pharmacokinetic data are not currently available in children for antihistaminic drugs in this group despite the fact that these compounds are prescribed for children.67 In the adult, brompheniramine was found to reach mean peak serum levels in 3 h and to possess a halflife of 24 h.68 Significant suppression of allergic manifestations was observed 48 h after drug administration. As in the case of other antihistamines, 95% of an administered brompheniramine dose was metabolized in man.69 Based on existing pharmacokinetic data, Simons et al.68 suggested that the frequency of brompheniramine dosing may be excessive in children.
Impact of chronic medications in the perioperative period: mechanisms of action and adverse drug effects (Part I)
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Ofelia Loani Elvir-Lazo, Paul F White, Hillenn Cruz Eng, Firuz Yumul, Raissa Chua, Roya Yumul
Antimuscarinic drugs are generally nonselective blocking drugs, and the physiological effects are not limited to the pulmonary system. Common adverse effects of antimuscarinic drugs include bronchitis, sinusitis, headaches, dizziness, dyspepsia, nausea, xerostomia, and urinary tract infection, mydriasis, and visual accommodation. Caution should be exercised when administering antimuscarinic drugs to patients with a known history of paradoxical bronchospasms. Other common adverse effects include tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation [44]. Other examples of drugs with prominent anticholinergic side effects include doxepin chlorpheniramine, oxybutynin, propiverine, tizanidine, ipratropium, carbamazepine, methocarbamol, tizanidine, brompheniramine, chlorpromazine, and scopolamine.
Trends in adverse events and related health-care facility utilization from cough and cold medication exposures in children
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
George Sam Wang, Jody L. Green, Kate M. Reynolds, William Banner, G. Randall Bond, Ralph E. Kauffman, Robert B. Palmer, Ian M. Paul, Malin Rapp-Olsson, Richard C. Dart
The Pediatric Cough and Cold Safety Surveillance System methods have been described elsewhere [4,5]. In brief, we collected data from five national data sources (National Poison Data System, medical literature, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, news/media reports, manufacturer safety reports) from 2009 to 2016 [4,5]. Case eligibility criteria were: age <12 years; unique cases with exposure to an over-the-counter product containing at least one active CCM ingredient (brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine); and at least one significant AE that occurred in the US [5,6]. A multi-disciplinary Expert Panel with relevant expertise evaluated the relationship between each AE and active ingredient [4–6].
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextromethorphan: clinical and forensic aspects
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Ana Rita Silva, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
DXM abuse can cause several other serious health complications not directly related to DXM itself, but due to other drugs found in OTC medications (Woo and Hanley 2013). Indeed, when abuse occurs using the formulations containing antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, pheniramine), analgesics (paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid), decongestants (phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine), and/or expectorant mucolytic agents; additional toxicity of these compounds is a concern and predisposes to fatal overdoses (Karch 2008; Karch and Drummer 2016). Some liquid DXM preparations also contain ethanol concentrations up to approximately 25% (Bisaga and Popik 2000). Thus, a high level of suspicion is needed when detected an increase in blood pressure possibly due to pseudoephedrine, a delayed liver damage related to high doses of paracetamol or central nervous system depression, cardiovascular and anticholinergic toxicity from antihistamines (Gunn et al. 2001; Banken and Foster 2008; Woo and Hanley 2013).