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Chemistries of Chemical Warfare Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Terry J. Henderson, Ilona Petrikovics, Petr Kikilo, Andrew L. Ternay Jr., Harry Salem
The ester hydrolysis of BZ over a range of pH and temperature conditions has been investigated (Hull et al., 1979). Bromocresol green forms a colored complex with 3-quinuclidinyl esters of hydroxyacetic acids, which has been used in the spectrophotometric analysis of mixtures containing the esters and 3-quinuclidinol (Stan’kopv et al., 1997). The mass spectra for a number of quinuclidine derivatives are available (Vincze et al., 1980). BZ has also been destroyed safely by pyrolysis (Jensen, 1991).
ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF Aristolochia Krisagathra SIVARAJAN AND PRADEEP AND Aristolochia bracteata Retz.: AN IN VIVO EVALUATION
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
P. S. Tresina, V. Sornalakshmi, K. Paulpriya, V. R. Mohan
Serum proteins (Lowry et al., 1951) and serum albumins were determined by quantitative colorimetric method by using bromocresol green. The total protein minus albumin gives the globulin, urea (Varley, 1976), creatinine (Owen et al., 1954), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and was measured spectrophotometrically by using the method of Reitman and Frankel (1957). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured by the method of King and Armstrong (1934).
Scombrotoxin
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Detection of HPB is important in outbreak investigations and in management of SFP. The main challenges are the diversity of the bacteria that are able to produce histamine and the different growth and media conditions required to detect all types of HPB. Culture- and molecular-based methods exist for detection of gram-negative HPB in fish. For the culture-based methods, differential histidine-containing broths or agar media containing indicator dyes have been developed. These media rely on a color change of the indicator dyes resulting from an increase in pH that occurs during histamine formation. One of the most frequently used methods for detection of gram-negative HPB is use of Nivens medium (68), a differential medium based on the color change of bromocresol purple from green to purple as the pH of the media increase from initial pH of 5.3. The incubation temperature of 35°C for 36–72 hours was used for isolation of M. morganii and R. planticola using this method. Several attempts have been made to modify this method with variable results (69,70). A similar broth media was developed using bromocresol green and chlorophenol red as indicator dyes where tubes were incubated at 30°C and color change from green to purple was seen within 12 hours (71). The main drawback of these differential culture-based methods is the high false-positive (15%–63%) and false-negative reactions (42,55,72). False-positive reactions are likely due to production of other basic compounds (other than histamine) that increase the pH of the medium. In addition, the low pH and salt content of the media may inhibit growth of some HPB, and the incubation time and temperature have to be carefully selected to account for all HPB species. For that reason, this method is suitable for screening purposes only where histamine production of isolates is confirmed by inoculation into histidine-containing broths under ideal conditions, and histamine concentrations are determined.
Evaluation of association between parameters related to penetration into cerebrospinal fluid and the microbiological efficacy of vancomycin in patients with bacterial meningitis
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Masayuki Ishikawa, Masashi Uchida, Shingo Yamazaki, Yuki Shiko, Yohei Kawasaki, Takaaki Suzuki, Yasuo Iwadate, Itsuko Ishii
VMser and VMCSF were measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay with an ARCHITECT® analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX). The method was fully validated over a concentration range of 3.0–100.0 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification and the lower limit of detection were 3.0 μg/mL and 0.24 μg/mL, respectively. SA concentrations were measured by the bromocresol green or bromocresol purple method. The SA value measured by the bromocresol green method is known to be about 0.3 mg/dL higher than that measured by the bromocresol purple method. Therefore, if the SA was measured by the bromocresol green method, we subtracted 0.3 mg/dL from the measured value based on the guidelines [14]. CSF proteins and CSF glucose concentrations were measured by the pyrogallol red and hexokinase methods, respectively. CSF cell counts were performed manually. The MIC for bacteria was determined via the broth microdilution method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Creatinine clearance was calculated by the Cockcroft–Gault formula, using actual body weight [15].
Potential interference of in vitro carbamylation on C-reactive protein laboratory measurement
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2023
Carolina dos Santos Stein, José Pedro Etchepare Cassol, Rafael Noal Moresco
The occurrence of carbamylation may have influenced the quantification of total proteins by the colorimetric methods used in the present study. The most significant reduction in the quantification of total proteins occurred in the groups incubated with KOCN at the highest concentration. Interestingly, a previous study identified a decrease in albumin quantification by the bromocresol green colorimetric method after in vitro carbamylation of albumin [21]. Conformational changes promoted by carbamylation may affect protein binding to the dyes used in the assays. Furthermore, the interaction of proteins with carbamylating agents at high concentrations may promote the degradation or precipitation of proteins, interfering with laboratory quantification.
Relationship between the prognostic nutritional index and resistant hypertension in patients with essential hypertension
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Fatih Yılmaz, Meryem Keleş, Feyza Bora
Venous blood samples were collected from the patients after meaning 12-h of the fasting period. All biochemical parameters were measured with a Roche Cobas 8000 automatic analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Shanghai, Ltd.). Hemogram measurements were made using a Siemens ADVIA 21210i device (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Forchheim, Germany). Serum albumin level was measured with automatic biochemical analyzer Roche Diagnostics Cobas 8000 c502. The bromocresol green method was used to determine serum albumin levels. The normal range of serum albumin level and TLC were 3.5–5.2 g/dL and 1.26–3.35 × 109/L, respectively.