Ion Beam Analysis: Analytical Applications
Vlado Valković in Low Energy Particle Accelerator-Based Technologies and Their Applications, 2022
Reactions used determination of surface concentrations of some light elements are:Hydrogen isotopes: 1H(11B,α)2α, 2H(3He,p)4He.Lithium: 7Li(p,α)4He.Beryllium: 9Be(α,n)12C, 9Be(d,p)10Be.Boron isotopes: 10B(p,α)7Be, 11B(p,α)8Be.Carbon: 12C(d,p)13C.Nitrogen: 14N(d,p)15N, 14N(d,α)12C.Oxygen isotopes: 16O(d,pγ)17O, 16O(d,p)17O, 18O(p,α)15N.Fluorine: 19F(p,αγ)16O, 19F(p,pγ)19F.
Ultratrace Minerals
Luke R. Bucci in Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
The element boron (B), atomic number 4, is widely distributed in the earth’s crust, but is present in living organisms in ultratrace amounts. Boron is essential for dicotyledon plants (fruits, vegetables, legumes, tubers), which take up boron from the soil.999,1000 Boron compounds complex with hydroxyl groups, facilitating flavonoid synthesis.1000 Monocotyledon plants, which include grass grains such as rice, com, wheat, and barley do not require boron and, thus, exhibit much lower amounts of boron (<0.2 mg B/kg).1001 However, levels of boron in plants vary widely in different geographic areas, depending upon boron levels in water, levels in soil, length of growing time, rate of transpiration, use of fertilizers, crop rotation practices, and other agricultural practices.1002
Fundamental Concepts and Quantities
Shaheen A. Dewji, Nolan E. Hertel in Advanced Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019
Other absorption reactions are possible and vary depending on the target nuclei and incident neutron energy. A number of absorption reactions are important in the areas of radiation dosimetry and detection including: —This reaction is commonly used for neutron detectors.—6Li-enriched LiF is a common material used in thermoluminescent detectors for neutron dosimetry (Veinot and Hertel 2001; Veinot and Hertel 2005b).—Boron-10 detectors are commonly used for neutron detection.—An important reaction for neutron dosimetry and for carbon-dating.—Since the body contains sodium, this reaction is used as a screening tool for persons irradiated in a nuclear criticality (Veinot, Gose, and Bogard 2009).
Research progress on therapeutic targeting of quiescent cancer cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Jinhua Zhang, Jing Si, Lu Gan, Cuixia Di, Yi Xie, Chao Sun, Hongyan Li, Menghuan Guo, Hong Zhang
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel targeted radiotherapy that selectively kills tumor cells. After introduction into the human body, Boron (10B) is enriched in tumor cells and reacts with neutrons. The reaction generates high LET α particles (4He) and recoiling 7Li nuclei, which result in the induction of DSBs with strong biological effectiveness. Since the path lengths of these particles are almost equal to cell diameter size, only 10B-containing cancer cells are theoretically destroyed without causing serious radiation injury to surrounding normal tissue [92,93]. The cellular distribution of 10B from L-para-boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) is believed to be largely dependent on the capability of the cells to take up 10B whereas that from sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate-10B (BSH) mainly relies on drug diffusion [11]. Importantly, the use of a 10B-carrier in BNCT, especially BPA, not only effectively eliminates hypoxia and quiescent cells but also kills oxygenated and proliferative cells [11,94].
Benzoxaborole compounds for therapeutic uses: a patent review (2010- 2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran, Jean-Yves Winum
Boron, which is classified as a metalloid, has the atomic number 5. Although human and animals do not clearly require boron, there is a dietary intake in humans of about 1–2 mg/day. Raising evidence ascribing to boron such an importance in humans as that observed in plants triggered the interest of the scientific community in developing boron-containing pharmaceuticals. The physico-chemical properties of boron-derivatives, above all boronic acids, make them particularly suitable for drug discovery [4]. Indeed, boron possesses a vacant orbital, and, in many B(III) derivatives, it easily interconverts from the neutral sp2 to the anionic sp3 hybridization states. Hence, the electron deficiency of this element may lead to new stable interactions between the boron atom, acting as Lewis acid, and many types of donor molecules acting as nucleophiles [1–4].
Usefulness of combination with both continuous administration of hypoxic cytotoxin and mild temperature hyperthermia in boron neutron capture therapy in terms of local tumor response and lung metastatic potential
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Shin-ichiro Masunaga, Yoshinori Sakurai, Hiroki Tanaka, Takushi Takata, Minoru Suzuki, Yu Sanada, Keizo Tano, Akira Maruhashi, Koji Ono
A neutron capture reaction in boron [10B(n,α)7Li] is, in principle, very effective in destroying tumors, provided that a sufficient amount of 10B can be accumulated in the target tumor and a sufficient number of very-low-energy thermal neutrons can be delivered. The two particles generated in this reaction have a high linear energy transfer (LET) and have a range of roughly the diameter of one or two tumor cells. It is theoretically possible to kill tumor cells without affecting adjacent normal cells if 10B atoms can be selectively accumulated in the interstitial space of tumor tissue and/or intracellular space of tumor cells. Thus, successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) requires the selective delivery of large amounts of 10B to tumor cells (Mirzaei HR et al. 2016; Barth et al. 2018a).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Borax
- Boric Acid
- Boron Nitride
- Carbon Fibers
- Metalloid
- Polymer
- Sodium Perborate
- Boron Carbide
- Allotropes of Boron
- Fiberglass