Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Potential of Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Phytomedicine, 2020
Other medicines developed with gastroprotective action through mucosal protection are still to be mentioned; sulcralfate, bismuth, and subsalicylate are drugs that forms a gel-like mucus layer to inhibit the action of pepsin and also have inhibitory action against H. pylori; carbenoxolone, which increases gastric mucus production; and misoprostol, a synthetic analog of PGE1 that facilitates inhibition of gastric acid secretion, increased blood flow, enhanced mucus and bicarbonate secretion and, consequently, regulates gastric motility. Nonetheless, these medicines are accompanied with several side effects also, the usage of bismuth, subsalicylate, and sulcralfate may be hazardous to some of the patients in the form of dry mouth, headache, darkening of stools, and severe constipation. While, the misoprostol reported with after effects such as abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea, headache, and diarrhea during the course of treatment (Sung et al. 2010; Singh et al. 2018).
Helicobacter pylori
Firza Alexander Gronthoud in Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Furazolidone quadruple therapy with tetracycline Bismuth subsalicylate or bismuth subcitrate two tablets and tetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg) both 4 times daily with meals and at bedtime plus furazolidone 100 mg 8-hourly with meals and PPI twice daily for 14 days.Furazolidone quadruple therapy with amoxicillin Bismuth subsalicylate or bismuth subcitrate two tablets 4 times daily with meals and at bedtime plus furazolidone 100 mg and amoxicillin 1 g 8-hourly, with meals plus a PPI twice daily for 14 days.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara in Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
The mechanism of action of bismuth-containing agents (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth subnitrate or bismuth subgallate) remains largely unknown. Studies have shown that bismuth subsalicylate inhibits intestinal secretion caused by cholera toxins and enterotoxic E. coli. In children with acute diarrhoea, studies have shown that treatment with bismuth subsalicylate reduces the frequency of unformed stools and the duration of diarrhoea [15]. Reports of encephalopathy occurring during ingestion of bismuth-containing compounds [16] led to prohibition of bismuth containing agents in France.
The protective role of autophagy in nephrotoxicity induced by bismuth nanoparticles through AMPK/mTOR pathway
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Yongming Liu, Huan Yu, Xihui Zhang, Yong Wang, Zhentao Song, Jian Zhao, Haibin Shi, Ruibin Li, Yangyun Wang, Leshuai W. Zhang
However, the potential applications of bismuth nanomaterials suggest the exposure and risk of bismuth on human and environmental health. Other than bismuth nanomaterials, bismuth salts such as colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) and bismuth subsalicylate have been commonly used to treat peptic ulcers (Andrews et al. 2006; Marcus, Sachs, and Scott 2015). In addition, bismuth compounds such as bismuth vanadate, bismuth nitrate, and bismuth oxychloride have been applied as the raw materials for foundation in cosmetics. However, overdose of bismuth compounds can cause acute renal failure that has been mentioned by a numerous of clinical cases (Işlek et al. 2001). For example, during the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections, CBS overdose has been reported to result in severe nephrotoxicity, such as necrosis in the proximal tubules (Leussink et al. 2001). In addition, bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) NPs have been utilized in semiconductor industry, but BiOBr was found to be toxic to human skin keratinocytes (Gao et al. 2015). In spite of plenty case reports on bismuth nephrotoxicity, there were very limited studies to elucidate the mechanisms of bismuth nephrotoxicity in the cellular and molecular level.
Re-establishing the utility of tetracycline-class antibiotics for current challenges with antibiotic resistance
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Kerry L. LaPlante, Abhay Dhand, Kelly Wright, Melanie Lauterio
All tetracycline-class drugs, including the third-generation agents, come with warnings and precautions including tooth discolouration and enamel hypoplasia during tooth development (last half of pregnancy up until 8 years of age), and inhibition of bone growth (second trimester of pregnancy until 8 years of age). Tigecycline also has a boxed warning for increased mortality risk and should be reserved for situations when alternative treatments are not suitable [10]. Other tetracycline-class AEs include photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri, and anti-anabolic action. As seen with other drug classes, while these AEs are attributed to the tetracycline class as a whole, the magnitude of the effect varies between specific drugs within the class (e.g. photosensitivity [71]). Tetracycline-class drugs have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity; patients taking anticoagulants may therefore need to be monitored or have their oral anticoagulant dosage adjusted while taking tetracycline-class drugs [9,10,12]. There is impaired absorption of oral tetracycline-class drugs by antacids containing aluminium, calcium, or magnesium, bismuth subsalicylate, and iron-containing preparations [9].
Delayed diagnosis of a case of Zenker’s diverticulum. What may happen when a family physician does not visit his family physician
Published in European Journal of General Practice, 2018
Zekeriya Akturk, Ali Bilal Ulas, Atila Eroglu
The patient was diagnosed as having gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and prescribed a scheme of amoxicillin + clarithromycin + pantoprazole + bismuth subsalicylate. After a few days, he returned to his doctor complaining of medication side effects such as burning in his throat and oesophagus and not being able to swallow the pills. However, being warned of the consequences of non-compliance with the treatment, he kept using the medications as advised. There was no improvement in the initial symptoms at the end of the 14-days treatment. The patient was instructed to continue using pantoprazole 40 mg/day for another three months. However, he discontinued the medication after few weeks due to no apparent benefit.