Nutraceuticals’ Role in Proliferation and Prevention of Breast Cancer
Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak in Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
High intake of fruits and vegetables has shown a possible benefit in the reduction of breast cancer risk. Cruciferous vegetables such a broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussel sprouts contain high content of glucosinolates, and when eaten as raw vegetables, or chewed, an enzyme called myrosinase is released that converts glucosinolates into isothiocyanates [22]. This compound is known for its chemoprotective activity in cancer including breast cancer. The isothiocyanates are of different types and act in different ways; for example, benzyl isothiocyanate induced inhibition is associated with apoptotic cell death. The underlying mechanism of isothiocyanates seems to be mainly through the downregulation of ER and their signaling as well as apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thus preventing the spread of cancer cells.
Essential Oils Used in Veterinary Medicine
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
A recent review compiled information on botanicals including essential oils used in ruminant health and productivity (Rochfort et al., 2008). Unfortunately, there are few reports on the effects of essential oils and natural aromachemicals on ruminants. It was demonstrated that the consumption of terpene volatiles such as camphor and α-pinene in “tarbush” (Flourensia cernua) effected feed intake in sheep (Estell et al., 1998). In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of essential oils have been demonstrated in ruminants (Elgayyar et al., 2001; Wallace et al., 2002; Cardozo et al., 2005; Moreira et al., 2005). Synergistic antinematodal effects of essential oils and lipids were demonstrated (Ghisalberti, 2002). Other nematocidal volatiles reported are as follows: benzyl isothiocyanate (goat), ascaridole (goat and sheep) (Ghisalberti, 2002; Githiori et al., 2006), geraniol, eugenol (Chitwood, 2002; Githiori et al., 2006), menthol, and 1,8-cineole (Chitwood, 2002).
Religious Aspects and Medicinal Uses of Salvadora persica (Miswak)
Mehwish Iqbal in Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Furthermore, contemporary approaches have demonstrated some microbial infectious agents are closely related to periodontitis, for instance, the classes of microorganisms, i.e. Erysipelotrichia, Negativicutes and Clostridia (Griffen et al., 2012), Prevotella, Fusobacterium (Costalonga & Herzberg, 2014) and Synergistes (Vartoukian et al., 2009); similarly the species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Ardila & Bedoya-García, 2020), Methanosarcina mazeii, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Methanobacterium curvum/congolense (Lepp et al., 2004; Matarazzo et al., 2011; Willis & Gabaldón, 2020) and Filifactor alocis (Griffen et al., 2012). Several studies have explained the antibacterial effects of Salvadora persica on different kinds of microbes (Al Bratty et al., 2020; Arshad et al., 2021; Khalil et al., 2019). The products and extracts of miswak have been demonstrated to have considerable bacteria-killing activity against gram-negative and gram-positive microbes, as well as subduing microbial biofilms, in a lot of research experiments that encourage the usage of miswak as an antibacterial medicine in a range of ailments (Mekhemar et al., 2021). One of the suggested mechanisms of the miswak-facilitated bacterial killing function was focusing on the microbial membranes by BITC (benzyl isothiocyanate), which is one of the dynamic constituents of miswak extracts. Micrographs of periodontal infectious agents showed that complexes of benzyl isothiocyanate and miswak extracts might give rise to the membrane protuberances of bacteria like antimicrobial peptides (Socransky et al., 1998). By means of the disintegration of the external membrane of bacteria, bioactive complexes of Salvadora persica will invade the microbial cell and interrelate with the redox systems of the microbes, weakening the capability of the microbes to preserve their membrane potential. Such a method of benzyl isothiocyanate has also been documented for membranes of mitochondria (Socransky et al., 1998).
Anti-photoaging effects of flexible nanoliposomes encapsulated Moringa oleifera Lam. isothiocyanate in UVB-induced cell damage in HaCaT cells
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Yijin Wang, Qianqian Ouyang, Xuefei Chang, Min Yang, Junpeng He, Yang Tian, Jun Sheng
Seeds from the moringa tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) contain rich isothiocyanates (MITC) that emerged as highly stable analogues because of the additional sugar moiety present in the aglycone portion of the molecule. Isothiocyanates are organic compounds with a –N═C═S group in their structures (Waterman et al., 2014), To be specific, we used 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate to complete experiment. The compound is easy to decompose under light or normal temperature. Studies have indicated that MITC exhibit excellent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities (Tumer et al., 2015). Our previous study showed that MITC had an excellent effect on skin photoaging; however, its application in anti-photoaging cosmetics remains limited because of its easy decomposition under light and heat. Further, MITC is a fat-soluble compound with poor water solubility, which leads to low bioavailability. In addition, the effect of the skin barrier hinders the efficient delivery of drugs, thereby making it difficult to predict the transdermal process. In previous studies, the nanodelivery systems of isothiocyanates have been concerned (Wang & Bao, 2021). But researchers have focused more on the development of oral isothiocyanate as an anticancer nanodelivery system. There is little research on the transdermal delivery system of isothiocyanate.
Characterisation of naturally occurring isothiocyanates as glutathione reductase inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Xia Li, Maowei Ni, Xiaoling Xu, Wei Chen
All reagents for enzyme assays, including yGR, recombinant human GR (hGR), bovine serum albumin (BSA), guanidine hydrochloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Tedia Company, Inc (Fairfield, OH, USA). Formic acid was obtained from ROE Scientific Inc (Newark, DE, USA). Foetal bovine serum (FBS), RPMI 1640 growth medium, DMEM growth medium, penicillin/streptomycin, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and trypsin were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). The mass spectrometry grade trypsin was purchase from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA). Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) and prepared as a 100 mM stock solution in ethanol for all enzyme assays and a 100 mM stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for cell-based assay. Other reagents were obtained in their highest purity grade available commercially.
Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on DNA Damage in Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Yang Ye, Ying Ma, Mei Kong, Zhihua Wang, Kang Sun, Fang Li
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is formed by the hydrolysis of glycolaldehyde in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage. BITC exerts anticancer effects by regulating various processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and angiogenesis (102). It induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation of cells. In a previous study (103), glioblastoma multiforme 8401 cells were treated with BITC; two DNA damage-related genes were identified using complementary DNA chip technology: DNA-damage-inducible transcript three and GADD45A genes. Yeh et al. (23) demonstrated that BITC significantly increases expression of the DNA oxidative damage marker 8-OHDG in human oral cancer OC2 cells and activates the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway as well as induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In human pancreatic cancer cells, BITC induces H2AX phosphorylation and inhibits cell proliferation. BITC activates the CHK2 kinase associated with the DNA damage checkpoint and significantly reduces the protein expression of CDC25C, CDC-2, and cyclin B1 (24). Together, these results suggest that BITC inhibits tumor proliferation by regulating DNA damage.
Related Knowledge Centers
- In Vitro
- Isothiocyanate
- Myrosinase
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- Glucotropaeolin