Scutellaria Species and Cancer Research
Namrita Lall in Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Flavonoids are one of the most important bioactive components in the root of S. baicalensis. Significant correlation has been reported between the dietary intake of flavonoids and a reduced risk of cancer, inflammation and heart disease (Li-Weber, 2009). Over 50 flavonoids have been isolated with baicalein as one of four major ones due to its wide spectrum of biological/physiological roles related to anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-cardiovascular diseases, anti-bacterial or viral infection, and anti-neurodegenerative diseases (Kim et al., 2013). Studies have demonstrated that baicalein suppresses cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast, prostate, hepatocellular, myeloma and T24 bladder cancer cells (Li et al., 2013). Baicalein inhibited migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells, hepatoma cells and skin cancer cells (Chiu et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2011).
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg in Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
The root of Scutellaria baicalensis was studied and the root showed great potential as a neuroprotector. This plant did not execute any toxicity towards humans so far. The two major flavones that were isolated and characterized from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis are known as baicalein and oroxylin (Gasiorowski et al., 2011). These flavones have demonstrated cognitive and amnestic functions on the animals being studied for aging and degeneration of the brain. Baicalein is a flavone that has shown to aid the inhibition of neuronal amyloidogenic proteins and also helps out to induce the amyloid deposit. Additionally, baicalein is known to function as an anti-inflammatory, an anxiolytic, and takes away action of mild sedative agents. This plant also contains wogonin, a minor flavone constituent, having the potential to aid in brain tissue regeneration (Gasiorowski et al., 2011).
Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects
Scott Mendelson in Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Baicalein, a flavone, is found in Scutellaria species and Oroxylum indicum that is used in Ayurvedic Medicine.16 Baicalin, a glycosylated form of baicalein, can also be isolated from skullcap, other Scutellaria species, and Oroxylum indicum. Both baicalein and baicalin were found to decrease immobility of mice in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Curiously, the glycoside baicalin was deemed more potent.17 Baicalein also dampened the depression-like effect of chronic unpredictable stress in rats, and this effect was due in part to enhancement of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase that, in turn, stimulated synthesis of BDNF.18
Baicalein ameliorates oxidative stress and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway via miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Jilei Tang, Bingchao Yan, Yangyang Tang, Xin Zhou, Ziteng Ji, Feng Xu
Baicalein (BAI) is an important flavone that is found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [8]. The effects of BAI include reducing oxidative stress (OS), anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, inhibiting aggregation of disease-specific amyloid proteins, inhibiting excitotoxicity, and stimulating neurogenesis and differentiation action [9]. Numerous studies have found that BAI exerts neuroprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing neuroinflammation and neuronal damage [10, 11]. BAI exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects to protect against rotenone-induced brain injury [12]. BAI improves cognitive deficits and hippocampus impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy [13]. Also, BAI promotes neuronal and behavioral recovery after ICH by suppressing apoptosis, OS and neuroinflammation [14], which suggested a potential connection among BAI, ICH and OS.
Targeting Major Signaling Pathways of Bladder Cancer with Phytochemicals: A Review
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Connor Chestnut, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Prasad Dandawate, Subhash Padhye, John Taylor, Scott Weir, Shrikant Anant
Baicalein is a flavone derived from the herb Huang Qin, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory (188). Baicalein has been examined both In Vitro and In Vivo for treatment of bladder, prostate, and hepatocellular cancer (188). Wu demonstrated In Vivo that baicalein inhibits bladder cancer proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner via reduction of phosphorylated NF-κB and MMP-2/9 expression (189). In Vitro studies pointed reduction in securin and AKT/γ‐H2AX survival pathways, increased ROS production, and reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-xL, XIAP, and survivin (190–192). Baicalein has been shown to induce G0/G1 phase arrest through PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and G2/M phase arrest through induction of p38 MAPK and inhibition of CDC2 Kinase (193–195).
Formulation and performance evaluation of polymeric mixed micelles encapsulated with baicalein for breast cancer treatment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Shraddha Srivastava, Abhiram Kumar, Pavan Kumar Yadav, Madhaw Kumar, Jose Mathew, Avinash Chandra Pandey, Manish Kumar Chourasia
Baicalein (5, 6, 7-trihydroxy flavone) is a natural plant flavonoid obtained from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis plant, found in Asian countries. It has been reported that baicalein possesses preventive and therapeutic properties against a variety of cancer for example breast cancer, prostate cancer, hepatic cancer, bladder cancer, and skin cancer. It inhibits cancer cell proliferation by stimulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [4,5]. Apoptosis induction by baicalein involves upregulation of GADD153, GRP 78, caspase 3, Bax, and cytochrome c gene, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein bcl 2 genes responsible for apoptosis [6]. It has been observed that baicalein also have the property to inhibit invasion and metastasis of tumor cell by decreasing expression and proteinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase like MMP-2/9 through downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [7]. It also inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) signaling pathway, an important mechanism of metastasis in mammary epithelial cells (MCF 10 A) and breast cancer cell MDAMB-231 [8]. These properties show the potential of baicalein as an efficient anticancer agent against breast cancer. However low water solubility and poor bioavailability limit its clinical use and are a major concern for oral dosage form [9]. Hence, there is a need for an efficient drug delivery system to enhance its water solubility, bioavailability, and oral absorption.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Aglycone
- Baicalin
- Flavone
- Scutellaria Baicalensis
- Scutellaria Lateriflora
- Thyme
- Flavonoid
- Oroxylum Indicum
- Sho-Saiko-to
- Kampo List