Bacitracin
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bacitracin is a mixture of at least nine related cyclic polypeptides (of which bacitracin A is the major constituent) produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var. Tracy. As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesn’t work well orally. It is mainly used in ointment form for topical treatment of a variety of localized skin and eye infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, as well as for the prevention of wound infections In pharmaceutical products, both bacitracin and bacitracin zinc (CAS number 1405-89-6, EC number 215-787-8, molecular formula C122H201N33O33S2Zn) may be employed (1).
Metal Ion Dependent Antibiotics in Chemotherapy
Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel in Metal Ions in Biological Systems, 2004
There are surprisingly few established examples of metal-requiring antibiotics and fewer still which have been unequivocally shown to bind metal ions directly as part of their mechanism of action. Indeed, apart from bacitracin, there are virtually no antibiotic drugs that require copper or zinc [152]. Finally, all of the drugs described here were discovered decades ago. Why are so few metalloantibiotic drugs in hand? Either the small number reflects nature’s disinterest in such agents or the scientific community’s lack of interest in searching them out. Only more intentional exploration will resolve this question. What is clear is that a better understanding of organismic and intracellular Fe chemistry is necessary in order to comprehend the mechanisms of action of current agents.
Leg, foot and nail disease in the elderly
Robert A. Norman in Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
Other foot and leg infections may be less severe. Toe web maceration may be suspicious for erythrasma54, a superficial Corynebacterium minutissimum infection that displays pink-red fluorescence when illuminated by a Wood’s light. Onychomycosis may be accompanied by secondary bacterial infection54. Palpating the areas between adjacent metatarsal heads may reveal pain and erythema suggestive of such secondary infection. For small uncomplicated wounds, bland ointments like bacitracin may be cost-effective. Topical neomycin should be avoided to reduce the risk of sensitization, and topical mupirocin should be substituted for use in polymicrobial wounds or shallow wounds in immunocompromised patients71.
Gonadal hormones influence core body temperature during calorie restriction
Published in Temperature, 2019
Rigo Cintron-Colon, Kokila Shankar, Manuel Sanchez-Alavez, Bruno Conti
Hormonal replacement was performed 14 d post gonadectomy during ad libitum feeding. Commercially available sterile slow-release pellets were purchased from Innovative Research of America (Sarasota, FL, USA): 17β-estradiol (0.5 mg/21 d), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5 mg/21 d), and progesterone (10 mg/21 d). Pellets dose was determined following our previous study, and they were implanted subcutaneously as previously described [19]. Briefly, an incision was made along the dorsal midline immediately posterior to the scapulae, just large enough to allow passage of the device. The sterile pellet was placed under the skin in the subcutaneous region. Absorbable sutures were used to close the dorsal incision, and the skin was closed with non-absorbable sutures. In order to minimize the incidence of infection, topical antibiotic treatments (Bacitracin Zinc Ointment) were applied after the completion of surgical procedures.
Surgical management of severe facial trauma after dog bite: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2020
Bernhard Prem, David Tianxiang Liu, Bernhard Parschalk, Boban M. Erovic, Christian A. Mueller
Surgery was performed by the senior author and started within 4.5 h after the attack. The first step was adequate cleansing and rinsing of the wound using povidone-iodine solution for 15–20 min, followed by marginal necrosectomy and debridement. Nasal airway reconstruction began with fixation of the nasal septum. Next, the mucosa of the nasal cavity was attached to the nasal vestibule to reconstruct the passage between the nostrils and the nasal cavity. Absorbable sutures (Vicryl® 5-0) were used to perform multilayer closure of the wounded oral vestibule in the area of the upper lip, resulting in the implementation of a proper vermilion border. Finally, the wound was closed from the left cheek, underneath the nasal root to the right lateral side of the nose, using multiple layers with as little tension as possible (Figure 3). At the end of the surgery, a nasogastric tube was inserted to avoid oral nutrition and bacitracin zinc/neomycin ointment was applied on the wound. Following surgical treatment, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for one night.
The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Luigi Santacroce
Antimicrobial agents that do not belong to the above described groups include, among others, bacitracin, novobiocin, oxazolidinones, and streptogramins. Bacitracin has a similar antimicrobial spectrum to benzylpenicillin and acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the cell wall of susceptible bacteria [124]. Novobiocin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug that binds to magnesium ions, which are essential for the stability of the cell wall of susceptible bacteria and causes cell membrane damage, concomitantly interfering with DNA synthesis [125].
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