Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina in Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
The mugwort plant contains essential oils (with cineole, and thujone), flavonoids, triterpenes, and coumarin derivatives, but thujone is toxic in large amounts or with prolonged intake (Murav’eva et al. 2007; Anwar et al. 2015). The composition of essential oils varies in different countries, and polymorphism takes place (Judzentiene and Budiene 2017). For Lithuanian species, the major constituents sabinene, 1,8-cineole, artemisia ketone, both thujone isomers, camphor, cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, davanone, and davanone B were found among 111 components. In the Turkish population from western Anatolia, the variation is larger, and there are clearer antimicrobial and oxidative effects of the essential oils (Erel et al. 2012). In folk medicine, tinctures of the species are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, mainly as appetite stimulants (Murav’eva et al. 2007). The leaves and buds, best picked shortly before mugwort flowers in July to September, are used as a bitter flavoring agent to season fat, meat, and fish. The active medicinal compounds of Artemisia vulgaris are flavonoids, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, volatile oils, inulin, and alkaloids (Anwar et al. 2015).
Weed pollen allergens
Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford in Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Plant defensins are small, basic proteins stabilized by four disulfide bonds and were included in the pathogenesis-related (PR)-12 family. Art v 1, the major allergen of mugwort pollen, is a two-domain protein consisting of an N-terminal defensin-like fold linked to a hydroxyproline-rich C-terminal region carrying plant-specific O-glycans. Among Artemisia vulgaris–allergic patients, up to 95% demonstrated IgE binding to Art v 1 [24,25]. Although patients’ IgE are mainly reactive to the defensin-like domain [26], glycan moieties were also shown to be involved in antibody binding while their biological relevance in mediator release assays was negligible. The defensin-like fold is highly conserved and crucial for epitope formation since upon disruption of disulfide bonds, a loss in IgE reactivity was observed [27,28]. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies identified two discontinuous human IgE epitopes located in the defensin-like and transitional domain [29]. Art v 1 presents a single immune-dominant T-cell epitope that is recognized by 96% of mugwort-allergic patients and presented by HLA-DRB*01 in a restricted manner [30]. Mugwort has been shown to trigger allergic reactions in 10%–14% of pollinosis patients in Europe and up to 11.3% of asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China [24,31,32]. Highly cross-reactive Art v 1 homologous molecules were shown to be present in other Artemisia species as well as sunflower pollen [33, unpublished data].
Use of Essential Oils in Agriculture
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Insect biocontrol by EOs results from several kinds of modes of action and depends on the routes of the exposure. An activity observed in earlier studies was the toxicity by ingestion or by contact through cuticle or by inhalation for volatile compounds. Insects are very sensitive to topical applications of EOs; for example, Citrus spp. EOs on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamaïs (Motschulsky) or the larger grain borer Prostephanus Americana (Horn) (Haubruge et al., 1989) and the bruchid Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) to fumigant toxicity of a large range of Mediterranean EOs (Regnault-Roger et al., 1993). The first observations were mainly focused on insects of the stored products, but EOs could control a large range of flying insects as well: the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, the greenhouse white fly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and also the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Regnault-Roger, 1997). They also repel or act as deterrents or antifeedants that affect insect fitness (Regnault-Roger and Hamraoui, 1994). All these activities the EOs exert on an insect could occur on several physiological targets at the same or at different stages of the insect development. As examples, EOs of Artemisia vulgaris develop a combined activity as repellent and fumigant upon Tribolium castaneum (Wang et al., 2006).
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles toward bio and medical applications: review study
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Younes Ghasemi, Amir Atapour, Ali Mohammad Amani, Amir Savar Dashtaki, Aziz Babapoor, Omid Arjmand
Green chemistry has appeared as a novel concept for development and implementation of chemical processes in order to decrease or remove the use of hazardous substances. Compared with the use of plant extracts, biosynthesis of Ag NPs using microorganisms requires a precise process of cultivating and maintaining microbial cells, which in some cases can be pathogenic to humans. The ease of handling, the availability and a broad viability of metabolites are among the advantages of using plant extracts. Due to the broad availability of plant extracts as well as a wide range of biodegradable biologically active metabolites, biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts is receiving great interest. In a recent study, green synthesized nanoparticles were tested and analysed to find better response at antibacterial and anticancer effects. Some plants such as Artemisia vulgaris, Andrographis echioides, Prosopis cineraria, Ficus benghalensis, Nigella sativa,and etc were used and analysed by methods described above. They were choose due to their special effect on antibiotic resistant drugs, cancer and some other diseases that were mentioned. There are certain results that showed the superiority of green synthesized nanoparticles from plants and other biological sources over chemical drugs. Silver ions and silver compounds have been consumed as antimicrobial agents for decades in different fields due to their potent antimicrobial effect.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A. DC. root extract and unravelling their potential biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shruti Nindawat, Veena Agrawal
Apparently, nanobiotechnology has come forth as a novel strategy for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. In vitro anticancer activity of nanoparticles has been reported against different human cancer cell lines such as A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), U87 (glioblastoma cell), COLO205 (colon adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatic cancer), HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (prostate carcinoma), KB (oral cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), HCT 15 (colon adenocarcinoma), AGS (gastric carcinoma), Jurkat (T acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and mouse colon adenocarcinoma (CT-26), etc. [4]. Potent antiproliferative activity of AgNPs synthesized using leaf extract of Artemisia vulgaris has been observed against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines [5]. Also, cytotoxicity of AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs has been reported against HeLa cells [6].
Aloe vera and artemisia vulgaris hydrogels: exploring the toxic effects of structural transformation of the biocompatible materials
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Taskeen Frasat, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Alia Erum, Uzma Saleem, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Rizwana Kausar
Acute toxicity testing of the hydrogels was performed in Wistar Albino female rats (160–200 g). Animals were kept in the animal house of the University of Sargodha in clean cages in light/dark cycles of 12 h. Animals were fed with a standard laboratory diet and water. The animal laboratory care guidelines (Canadian council on animal care, 1993) were strictly followed [16]. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (n = 3). Group 1 served as control and was fed with diet alone. Group 2 and 3 were treated orally with Aloe vera gel once, at doses 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg of the bodyweight respectively on day 1. Group 4 and 5 were administered orally with Artemisia vulgaris hydrogel at doses 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg of the bodyweight respectively. The dried hydrogel was crushed and mixed with diet [17].
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