Antihistamines, Decongestants, and Expectorants during Pregnancy
“Bert” Bertis Britt Little in Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline are sympathomimetic agents with decongestant in long-acting nasal sprays (Afrin, Allerest, Dristan, 4-Way). Birth defects were not increased in frequency among more than 250 infants born to women who used oxymetazoline during the first trimester (Aselton et al., 1985; Jick et al., 1981). The Swedish registry reported no increased frequency of birth defects (3.3 percent) among 3521 infants whose were exposed to oxymetazoline during organogenesis (Kallen, 2019). Likewise, the frequency of birth defects was not increased in 432 infants exposed to xylometazoline during embryogenesis (Aselton et al., 1985; Jick et al., 1981). The Swedish registry reported the frequency of birth defects was not increased among 1168 infants born to women who used xylometazoline during the first trimester (Kallen, 2019). An incidental observation is that xylometazoline was significantly protective against congenital anomalies in the analysis. No studies have been published regarding naphazoline monotherapy use during pregnancy. However, the combination antazoline—naphazoline ophthalmologic preparation was used during the first trimester among 3061 infants, and the rate of birth defects was not increased above background (3.0 percent) or compared to controls (3.5 percent) (Thomseth et al., 2019).
Antazoline
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Antazoline is an ethylenediamine derivative with histamine H1 antagonistic, anticholinergic and sedative properties. It is used to relieve nasal congestion. It is also formulated as eye drops with naphazoline to relieve allergic conjunctivitis. In pharmaceutical products, antazoline is employed as antazoline phosphate (CAS number 154-68-7, EC number 205-831-4, molecular formula C17H22N3O4P) or as antazoline sulfate (CAS number 24359-81-7, EC number not available, molecular formula C17H21N3O4S) (1).
The clinical relationship between histamine-1 receptor antagonists and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Elham Bakhtiari, Nasrin Moazzen, Amir Amirabadi, Hamid Ahanchian
The risk of cancer was investigated in all case-control studies [10,13,16–18]. The risk of breast cancer was investigated in two studies [16,18]. Kelly et al. [16] studied the risk of breast cancer according to use of antihistamines in 11,628 women. Relative risk was estimated for regular use of antihistamines (>4 days per week for equal to or more than 4 weeks beginning equal to or more than 1 year before admission). Antihistamines studied included chlorpheniramine, doxylamine, triprolidine, brompheniramine, terfenadine, hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, pyrllamlne, phenyttoxamine, cyproheptadlne, dexbrompheniramine, methapyrilene, astemizole, clemastine, dimethindene, antazoline, promethazlne, pyrrobutamlne, carblnoxamine, pheniramine, dimennydrtnate, tripelennamine, thenyldiamlne, loratadine, trimethobenzamide, pyribenzamine, trimeprazine, and other ones. The cancer risk was calculated according to type and duration of antihistamines. Duration were including less than 1 year, 1–4 years, 5–9 years, and equal to or more than 10 years. The risk of cancer was not associated with the type of antihistamines. In duration of more than 10 years, the risk of cancer was 0.5 (0.95% CI = (0.3–0.8)).
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by a single dose of flecainide in patient with focal atrial tachycardia
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2022
Sonia J. Konsek-Komorowska, Piotr Cygański, Andrzej Rynkiewicz
The patient’s history revealed autoimmune thyroiditis in the euthyreosis phase for 10 years, and two recent electrophysiological studies in which focal AT could not be triggered or observed. The patient had contracted an upper respiratory tract infection 4 months prior to admission, and subsequently experienced a couple of episodes of focal AT in the intervening period, lasting for more than one day, and not treatable by vagal manoeuvres. Intravenous pharmacological intervention was required to terminate the arrhythmia using adenosine, metoprolol, propafenone, verapamil, amiodarone, antazoline administered alone or in different combination. Repeated transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) measurements were within normal limits, left ventricular global systolic function was normal, and no regional wall motion abnormalities were seen at the time. Based on the patient’s clinical features, a history of occasional amiodarone intake, increased level of total serum thyroxine (T4), amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) was suspected.
Identification of mast cells as a candidate significant target of immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Published in Hematology, 2021
Mingfeng Jia, Hao Zhang, Lina Wang, Long Zhao, Shengxuan Fan, Yaming Xi
Finally, we analyzed the small molecules drugs related to regulating mast cells and could be therapy medicines for the patients with AML. Of the most significant six molecules drugs, NU-1025, ketoconazole and antazoline are potential drugs for AML, and could reverse the expression genes related to mast cells, while butein, 2,6-dimethylpiperidine and cholecalciferol are diametrically opposite. NU-1025 is a potent PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PARP) inhibitor that has demonstrated the ability to enhance the cytotoxicity of the DNA methylating compound MTIC (sc-211930), bleomycin, and γ-irradiation. Some studies reported that PARP-1 acts as a determining factor in nuclear export [31]. PARP has been identified that it promotes nuclear Activation-induced cytidine deaminase in lymphoma cells [32], thus NU-1025 perhaps influences the mast cells, which is profitable for therapy of AML. Ketoconazole is a nonselective steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) inhibitor that has been used, off-label, as second-line therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer [33]. Men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with first-generation androgen receptor antagonists, estrogens or ketoconazole in clinical therapy [34]. Antazoline is largely utilized in the therapy of cardiovascular, as mentioned in some studies [35–37], and antazoline is associated with pharmacological cardioversion. There are no studies on antazoline treating cancer. As for the three small molecules with positive enrichment analyzed via CMap database may reduce the distribution of the mast cells in the bone marrow of AML patients, which is associated with the poor prognosis of the patients with AML. We should avoid using these drugs in AML patients. Whether these small molecules are beneficial to patients with AML, it is supposed to conduct some vivo or vitro experiments.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antihistamine
- Anticholinergic
- Nasal Congestion
- Eye Drop
- Naphazoline
- Allergy
- Conjunctivitis
- Tetryzoline
- Histamine
- Alzheimer's Disease