A Pharmacological Appraisal of Antimalarial Plant Species
Namrita Lall in Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Aryl-amino alcohols include quinine, mefloquine, halofantrine and lumefantrine, and their antimalarial activity seem to require the presence of an aromatic portion and an amino alcohol portion (Figure 18.2). Like the 4-aminoquinolines, aryl-amino alcohols are assumed to act primarily on the erythrocyte stage of the malaria parasite by inhibiting the formation of hemozoin (Anderson et al., 2006). 8-Aminoquinolines are derived quinoline molecules with an amine group at the 8-position of quinoline. Primaquine is the only 8-aminoquinoline used in malaria therapy, and studies have shown that it interferes with the parasite’s DNA structure and disrupts its mitochondrial membranes (Miller et al., 2013). It is also the only available drug that can prevent transmission of mature gametocytes, although it can cause intravascular hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (Sinha et al., 2014). The precise mechanisms of action of the above-mentioned quinoline-based antimalarial drugs are not yet fully understood, and are still under investigation.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Structure. PAs are made up of two fused five-member carbon rings with a bridging nitrogen at position 4 (position 1 starting from the top of the right ring), forming a necine (or amino alcohol) base (for this reason, PAs are sometimes referred to as necine bases), which may either be saturated or possess a double bond in the 1,2-position (so called 1,2 unsaturation, which is essential for PA toxicity) (Figure 104.1). The necine (amino alcohol) base usually bears one or two hydroxyl groups (at the C9 only or at both C9 and C7 positions) that can be esterified with necic acids, which are branched-chained mono- or di-carboxylic acids containing four to six carbon atoms and are typically unsaturated, epoxidized, or hydroxylated.
Medicinal Plants of Mongolia
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids produced by about 5% of flowering plants as secondary metabolites to offer protection from insect herbivores. PAs consist of two parts: a basic amino alcohol moiety, referred to as a necine (Figure 1.40); and one or more acids that esterify the alcohol groups of the necine base. Classification of PAs is based on the substitution pattern of the necine base, which is also known as the pyrrolizidine ring.
Activation of carbonic anhydrases from human brain by amino alcohol oxime ethers: towards human carbonic anhydrase VII selective activators
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Alessio Nocentini, Doretta Cuffaro, Lidia Ciccone, Elisabetta Orlandini, Susanna Nencetti, Elisa Nuti, Armando Rossello, Claudiu T. Supuran
A special mention should be done for phenol derivatives 14–16 which, uniquely among amino alcohols 1–16, did not produce any activation of the tested hCAs. In fact, it is worth stressing that CAI properties, rather than as CAAs, are commonly ascribed to the phenolic chemotype. Phenols have been thoroughly reported to anchor to the zinc-bound nucleophile (water molecule or hydroxide ion), that is, by one of the four CA inhibition mechanisms known to date. Surprisingly, neither a significant inhibition was detected by treating CA I, II, IV and VII with phenols 14–16. One could speculate that the CAI efficacy of 14–16 is counterpoised by their CAA action, hindering its detection by the Stopped Flow assay.
New isoxazolidinyl-based N-alkylethanolamines as new activators of human brain carbonic anhydrases
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Doretta Cuffaro, Riccardo Di Leo, Lidia Ciccone, Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran, Elisa Nuti, Armando Rossello
Here, we present our studies on amino alcohols as CAAs, describing the synthesis, NMR characterization and CA activating effects of this new series of isoxazoline-based amino alcohols towards four hCA isoforms mainly expressed in the human brain.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Alkane
- Amine
- Ethanolamine
- Functional Group
- Organic Chemistry
- Organic Compound
- Hydroxy Group
- Aminomethanol
- Formaldehyde
- Oxazoline