Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal in Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Natural extracts of Aloe barbadensis (@0.5%, 1%, and 2%) administrated in diet for a period of fifteen days resulted in noteworthy elevation of macrophages contents that are accountable for phagocytic action in tissues [10]. Aloe vera-based Nerium oleander extracts increased antioxidative protection, protected cell viability, and intracellular reduced glutathione and significantly decreased the formation of ROS [80]. Similarly in propagation of RAW 264.7 cells, Aloe-emodin markedly inhibited IL-6, NO, and IL-1β formation, without any cytotoxicity. Expression levels of mRNA for IL-6, iNOS, and IL-1β genes were retarded by administration of Aloe-emodin. Analysis of Western blotting revealed suppressing behavior of aloe-emodin against LPS-activated expression of iNOS protein, degradation of IκBα and JNK, p38, ERK, and Akt phosphorylation [29].
Anti-Cancer Agents from Natural Sources
Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg in Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
In rhubarb, the main anticancer anthraquinones were emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol (Figure 5.7). Early studies conducted on emodin showed that it could prevent cell proliferation in breast, cervical, colon, and prostate cancers (Chang et al., 1999; Pecere et al., 2000; Ren et al., 2018). Also, emodin has little or no cytotoxic effect in normal cells, suggesting that normal cells are comparatively safe than cancer cells when it comes to emodin-induced cytotoxicity. Aloe-emodin could inhibit the cell growth in many malignant tumors like hepatoma (liver) (Cha et al., 2005), human lung carcinoma (Chan et al., 1993; Jeon et al., 2012) and leukemia (Yeh et al., 2003). Jeon et al. (2012) treated hepatoma (HUH-7) cells with a dose-dependent concentration of aloe-emodin. He concluded that aloe-emodin could decrease CAPN2 and UBE3A, two essential proteins, which reduces cell growth and speeds up apoptosis. Since the mechanistic routes of aloe-emodin is unknown in H640 (lung cancer) cells, Yeh et al. (2003) conducted a study to evaluate the cytotoxicity of aloe-emodin in H640 cells. When introduced, the initial observation was apoptosis due to the modification of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Other important protein expressions that were modified were BCL-3, protein kinase C, caspase-3, and p38.
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Source of commercial senna, an important laxative drug. Leaves and juice used as cancer nostrums.4 Aloe-emodin has shown activity in the PS-127 and WA tumor systems.10 Leaves and pods are the source of Alexandrian senna of commerce, a drug generally preferred over East Indian senna, as it is milder, but has the same action. It is used as a laxative and cathartic, generally combined with aromatics and stimulants to modify its griping effects. Used also for ascites and dyspepsia.12 In Tehran, leaves are used as a purgative, mixed with rose leaves and tamarind. Dried, pulverized leaves are applied to wounds and burns. Entire plant used as a febrifuge or as a purge to allay fever.
2-Naphthalenemethanol participates in metabolic activation of 2-methylnaphthalene
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Kunna Li, Ying Zou, Yang Wang, Mengyue Zhou, Jing Li, Rong Tan, Shiyu Zhang, Weiwei Li, Jiang Zheng
The sulfonation reaction is an important phase II conjugative reaction in drug metabolisim (Hui and Liu 2015). The superfamily of sulfotransferases (SULTs) plays an important role in catalysis of the conjugation reactions. The resulting conjugates are highly hydrophilic and readily excreted in urine. A high-energy donor, 3′-adenosine phosphate-5′-phosphosulfuric acid (PAPS), is needed for the conjugative reaction. Specifically, SULTs catalyse the transfer of sulphate to amino, hydroxyl, or N-oxide groups (Nowell and Falany 2006; Kurogi et al. 2021). 2-NM contains a benzylic hydroxyl group, and many drugs with benzyl alcohol structure can undergo a sulfonation reaction under the catalysis of SULTs (Li et al. 2019). Such conjugates have potentials to induce toxicities, since benzylic sulphates are known electrophilic species reactive to biomolecules (James 2014). The resulting modification of biomolecules could induce a variety of toxicities. For example, aloe-emodin was metabolised to the corresponding sulphate. The formation of such metabolite was found to be partially responsible for the cytotoxicity of aloe-emodin (Zhou et al. 2020).
Anthraquinones from Aloe spp. inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: effects against growing and mature biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Géssica dos Santos Araújo, Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca, Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes, Maria Gleiciane da Rocha, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
Anthraquinones form the largest class of secondary metabolites extracted from Aloe spp. and include aloe emodin, barbaloin and chrysophanol (Salehi et al. 2018; Sánchez et al. 2020). Aloe emodin is a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial activity (Dong et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2019; Jiang et al. 2020; Ma et al. 2020). Barbaloin, structurally similar to aloe emodin, also has antimicrobial activity, in addition to neuroprotective and nephroprotective effects (Lee et al. 2019; Donkor et al. 2020; Jing et al. 2020). Furthermore, chrysophanol (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone) has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antidiabetic activities (Lee and Sohn 2008; Xie et al. 2019; Su et al. 2020).
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after oral administration of effective fraction of anthraquinones from rheum officinale
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Di Zhao, Su-Xiang Feng, Hao-Jie Zhang, Na Zhang, Xue-Fang Liu, Yan Wan, Yu-Xiao Zhou, Jian-Sheng Li
Tissue distribution of five anthraquinones in the internal organs of rats at 0.167, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 h after oral administration of rhubarb extract: (a) aloe-emodin; (b) rhein; (c) emodin; (d) chrysophanol; (e) physcion.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Aloe
- Emodin
- Carcinogen
- Senna Alexandrina