Nickel Metal and Alloys
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach in Nickel and the Skin, 2019
The individual elements must be mixed intimately to produce an alloy. This can be achieved by: Melting, which allows the elements to mix in the liquid phaseSintering of powders, which allows the constituents to interdiffuseMechanical alloying (high energy ball-milling, which causes repeated cold welding and fracture of the powder particles) followed by sinteringCo-deposition by electrolysisCo-deposition by vapor deposition
Orthopaedic operations
Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse in Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Titanium alloys These are used in fracture fixation devices and joint prostheses. They usually contain aluminium and vanadium in low concentrations for strength; passivation (and thus corrosion resistance) is obtained by creating a titanium oxide layer. The elastic modulus of the metal is close to that of bone and this reduces the stress concentrations that can occur when stainless steel or cobalt chromium alloys are used. Additionally, the corrosion resistance (which is superior to that of the other two alloys) augments this metal’s biocompatibility. A disadvantage of titanium alloy is notch sensitivity; this is when a scratch or sharp angle created in the metal, either at manufacture or during insertion of the implant, can significantly reduce its fatigue life.
Fruits
Christopher Cumo in Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
The combination of copper and tin created the alloy bronze, which gave its name to the Bronze Age. Bronze Age Qaaqour yielded skeletons of six men at 164 centimeters (64.6 inches) and four women at 154 centimeters (60.6 inches).98 Bronze Age Sasa supplied remains of two men at 169 centimeters (66.5 inches) and three women at 156 centimeters (61.4 inches). Bronze Age Jericho had skeletons of ten men at 171 centimeters (67.3 inches) and six women at 154 centimeters (60.6 inches). Hellenistic Jericho provided remains of twelve men at 166 centimeters and twelve women at 152 centimeters. Northwest of Jericho, Dor furnished skeletons of seventeen Arab men at 169 centimeters and thirteen women at 156 centimeters.
Applications of trimetallic nanomaterials as Non-Enzymatic glucose sensors
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Israr U. Hassan, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Fareeha Arshad, Fatima Ba Omar, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Mohamed EL-Tanani, Nitin B. Charbe, Sai Raghuveer Chava, Ángel Serrano-Aroca, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Au-based nanomaterials are also great alternatives to Pt or its derivatives. Not only is Au highly stable, but it is also nontoxic and demonstrates excellent resistance to poisoning during oxidation reactions [31,32]. Furthermore, studies suggest that Au displays catalyst-like activity during oxidation reactions involving small organic molecules [55]. Therefore, several attempts have been made at developing Au-based nanomaterials that display enhanced catalytic performance and can be used in developing FGGS [56–58]. Also, as discussed previously, alloying of metals reduces production expenses and helps develop tunable nanocomposites that can be modified per the reaction requirement [59]. In addition, such alloys also enhance the overall surface adsorption or desorption during the chemical reaction, thereby increasing the catalytic performance of the nanocomposite during the reaction [60]. Furthermore, the development of nanosized composites allows researchers to control the size and structure of the material developed, allowing for an easy modification of their surface properties [61]. This, thus, also helps control the catalytic activity of the nanocomposites synthesized.
Sol-gel dip-coated TiO2 nanofilms reduce heat production in titanium alloy implants produced by microwave diathermy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Zheng Wei, Ziwei Zhang, Xianxuan Feng, Yun Cai, Jiajia Yang, Zikai Hua, Yuehong Bai, Yiming Xu
With the development of material science, titanium alloy has gradually replaced stainless steel and other metals in orthopedics. Titanium is a material with low electrical and thermal conductivity, and its heat production under microwave irradiation is significantly lower than that of other metals (such as stainless steel and cobalt-nickel alloy), which allows patients with titanium alloy implant (TAI) to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Moreover, we recently found that a single low-dose (20 W∼40 W) 2450 MHz microwave irradiation of the femurs of rabbits fixed with titanium alloy for 15 min increases the temperature of the deep muscles near TAI by 4.50 ± 0.21 °C compared to baseline, with a peak temperature below 42 °C [11]. The follow-up study also found that the low dose (25 W) of 2450 MHz microwave irradiation for one month on the rabbit femur fixed by titanium alloy did not cause thermal injury to the peripheral nerve and muscle tissue [12]. Therefore, we believe that low-dose 2450 MHz MD can be applied to TAIs under experimental animal conditions. However, it is also well known that MD at moderate to high doses can cause thermal injury to the tissue surrounding the implant [13]. Thus, the question is whether there is another way further increase the dose of microwave irradiation while reducing the heat production of TAIs.
Discrepancy in alloy composition of imported and non-imported porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns produced by Norwegian dental laboratories
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2020
Håvard Jostein Haugen, Brandon Michael Soltvedt, Peter N. Nguyen, Hans Jacob Ronold, Gaute Floer Johnsen
The motivation behind this study was a growing concern over discrepancies of imported and nonimported produced dental restorations [4]. Only a few studies outside of Scandinavia have conducted similar compositional analyses on imported restorations. These studies included a low numbers of restorations and employed destructive methods making follow-up studies of the clinical performance impossible [4,6]. A study by the Swedish Medical Products Agency (Läkemedelsverket) in 2010 found that 46% (6 out of 13) of imported gold alloys and 69% (9 out of 13) of imported base metal alloys differed significantly from the specific alloy ordered [7]. The number of compositional discrepancies for the domestic orders was 8% (1 out of 13) for gold alloys and 31% (4 out of 13) for base metal alloys. Swedish study from 2011 compared fixed dental prostheses (FDP) produced in Sweden and China and found that 85% (11 out of 14) the imported FDP did not contain the specified gold alloy [8]. The findings from the aforementioned studies bolsters concerns regarding the quality of imported PFMs and bolsters concerns regarding the quality of imported PFMs. The previous studies comprised a limited number of restorations and applied destructive methods of analysis, which precluded future clinical follow-up of the PFMs. Furthermore, prior studies have used fictitious patients [4,8] and the clinical outcome of the reported compositional discrepancies could not be tested. In this study, a larger number of restorations than in previous studies have been analyzed.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chemical Compound
- Copper
- Iron
- Opacity
- Mixture
- Atomic Ratio
- Gold
- Silver
- Carbon
- Silicon