Naphthoquinone Constituents of Anticancer Terrestrial Plants
Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri in Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
For more than three decades, a great deal of research works were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of shikonin, alkannin, and related natural naphthazarins as potent anticancer agents (Andújar et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2002b, Papageorgiou et al. 1999, Zhang et al. 2017). From the chemical point of view, the molecular mechanism for their anticancer activity and pervasive toxicity has been demonstrated to be closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, Figure 4.5) and the bioreductive alkylation (Figure 4.6) (Moore 1977, Papageorgiou et al. 1999). The generation of ROS by the shikonin/alkannin redox cycle.The plausible mechanism of the bioreductive alkylation (Moore 1977).
Plants Endemic to Turkey Including the Genus Arnebia
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst. is one of the most studied Arnebia species in the world. Its major compounds, such asshikonin and alkannin, are derivatives of naphthoquinones (Chien-Chang et al., 2000). In addition to anti-inflammatory activity, a previous study also showed that A. euchroma has good potential for accelerating the healing of burn wounds in animals (Pirbalouti et al., 2009).
Perspectives of Nature-Oriented Pharmacotherapeutics for the Effectual Management of Hemorrhoidal Symptoms
Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi in Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
In Turkish folk medicine, the usefulness of Onosma species for treating hemorrhoids is depicted. The plant contains alkannin, shikonin, flavonoids, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid which are responsible for the mediation of anti-inflammatory (inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme), wound healing, and analgesic activities.
Alkannin restrains oral squamous carcinoma cell growth, migration and invasion by regulating microRNA-9/RECK axis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Yulong Mao, Weiwei Zhang, Ronghe Zhang, Jinhua Zuo
Alkannin (ALK, chemical formula: C16H16O5; molecular weight: 288.31) also known as shikonin, isolates from the root of Boraginaceae species, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Arnebia euchroma and A. guttata [8]. The anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities of ALK have been verified in diverse illnesses. It has been utilized for remedying acute jaundiced or non-jaundiced hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and verruca plana [9,10]. What is more, an animal experiment found that ALK could restrain hepatic inflammation in diabetic mice [11]. In the researches of cancers, ALK has been discovered to repress glioma cells growth and invasion via mediation of IQGAP/mTOR pathway [12]; the anti-proliferative effect of ALK has been discovered in colorectal cancer cells [13]; moreover, ALK could restrain cell metastasis by repression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) expression in prostate cancer cells [14]. However, the issues about the role of ALK in OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion have not received fully investigated.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A. DC. root extract and unravelling their potential biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shruti Nindawat, Veena Agrawal
Arnebia hispidissima (family – Boraginaceae) is a perennial herb widely distributed in semi-arid regions of India (Rajasthan), Persia and Pakistan [8]. It is known to possess anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing, anti-tumor, cardiotonic, antineoplastic activities, etc. [9]. Chemical investigations by Hamdard et al. [10] reported the presence of a number of flavonoids, namely apigenin, cyanidin, kaemferol, luteolin, quercetin and vitexin in fresh flowers. Also, roots are the source of naphthaquinones (shikonin, alkannin and related isohexenylnaphthazarine compounds) which possess antibiotic and anticancerous properties. The present investigation provides an insight into the nanobiotechnological applications of this plant keeping in view its high medicinal potential. Study pertaining to AgNPs synthesis using A. hispidissima root extract (AHRE) and their bioefficacy has not appeared till date so in the present report biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous root extract of A. hispidissima (AHAgNPs), their characterization and evaluation of their therapeutic potential has been done.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 2, 3-didithiocarbamate substituted naphthoquinones as inhibitors of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2018
Xianling Ning, Hailong Qi, Ridong Li, Yan Jin, Michael A. McNutt, Yuxin Yin
In 2010, Vander Heiden et al. screened a library of compounds to identify a small molecule PKM2 inhibitor compound A with IC50 value of 10 µM (Figure 1)20. Compound A was reported to presumably block the allosteric site of PKM2. In 2011, Chen et al. reported shikonin (Figure 1) and its enantiomeric isomer alkannin to inhibit PKM2 at low concentrations21,22. Recently, we reported a new PKM2 inhibitor compound 3k (Figure 1) with IC50 value of 2.95 µM, which exhibits more potent PKM2 inhibitory activity than the known optimal PKM2 inhibitor shikonin (IC50 = 8.82 µM)23.
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