Postnatal Bone Growth: Some Methods of Assessment
D. Dixon Andrew, A.N. Hoyte David, Ronning Olli in Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth, 2017
Alizarin is one of the principal tinctorial agents found in madder (alizari, juice of) and is available in synthetic form (Cameron, 1930; Schour et al., 1941). In contrast to the method of prolonged madder feeding with diffuse effects, the sharp vital staining of calcifying substances (bone, cementum dentin) (Figure 6.4) may be obtained by a single intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of a 2% solution of alizarin red S (color index 1034, Coleman & Bell Company, Norwood, Ohio).
The Orient
Michael J. O’Dowd in The History of Medications for Women, 2020
The Indian madder, Rubia cordifolia, and other species in that family afford a red dye (rubia, rubor, Latin, red) that in ancient India symbolized blood, energy and the menstrual cycle. Its main pigment, alizarin, was synthesized by Graebe and Liebermann in 1868 and their discovery led to a decline in cultivation of the plant. In ancient India the plant was prescribed as a blood purifier and for menstrual irregularities or as a treatment for women after delivery (Patnaik, 1993).
Natural Plant Dyes of Oriental Carpets
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Drying and fermenting the roots, which contains the colorless glycoside of the dye, will yield alizarin – first isolated in 1826 by the French chemist Pierre Jean Robiquet. Alizarin continues to be used in modern times in biochemical assays to quantitatively determine by colorimetry calcium and calcium compounds, which are stained red or light purple by the dye. Alizarin, though nowadays from synthetic sources, continues to be used commercially as a red textile dye.
Effect of TAK1 on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating BMP-2 via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK pathway
Published in Organogenesis, 2018
Hongpeng Yang, Yue Guo, Dawei Wang, Xiaofei Yang, Chengzhi Ha
Mineralization was measured using Alizarin red S (Sigma, MO, USA) staining and phase-contrast microscopy. Cells were incubated with 2% Alizarin red at pH 4.2 for 10 min and then washed with distilled water; the sub-cultured cells were observed using phase-contrast microscopy to examine cell morphology and verify the presence of mineralized nodules. Quantitative analysis of Alizarin Red Staining was performed after dye extraction with 200 μL 10% acetic acid during 30 minutes under agitation. Recovered supernatant was further centrifuged, heated to 85°C for 10 minutes and cooled at 4°C. After centrifugation at 20,000 g for 15 minutes pH of supernatant was neutralized using 75 μL of 10% Ammonium hydroxide. Concentrations were calculated by determining OD405 against known Alizarin Red concentrations.
Preparation of MC3T3-E1 cell sheets through short-term osteogenic medium application
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Atakan Tevlek, Sedat Odabas, Ekin Çelik, Halil Murat Aydin
Calcium quantities of the sheets were studied by cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and formed calcium particles were stained with Alizarin Red-S (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany). Briefly, medium was discarded from each well and the wells were washed with PBS twice. Then, cells were fixed with 70% (v/v) EtOH for 1 h. Following the fixation, cell sheets were rinsed with distilled water twice. Afterwards, 1% (w/v) Alizarin Red aqueous solution at pH 4.2 was applied to each sample for 20 min at room temperature on an orbital shaker. At the end of the incubation time, samples were washed with distilled water five times. Lastly, PBS washing was applied for 20 min to remove nonspecific staining. The stained cell sheets were observed under a phase contrast microscope with a digital camera (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). After imaging, cells were de-stained with 1 mL of 10% (w/v) CPC (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) prepared in 10 mL of sodium phosphate (10 mM and pH 7) for 15 min with gentle rotation at room temperature. Afterwards, 200 µL of samples were collected from the wells as three parallels and were read at 562 nm by using a microplate reader (BioTek, Potton, UK). A standard curve was prepared by combining different amount of Alizarin Red stock solution with 10% (w/v) CPC solution. The concentration of Alizarin Red staining was determined by comparing the absorbance values with standard curve.
Effects of platelet-rich fibrin produced by three centrifugation protocols on bone neoformation in defects created in rat calvaria
Published in Platelets, 2023
Débora de Souza Ferreira Sávio, Lucia Moitrel Pequeno da Silva, Gabriel Guerra David Reis, Ricardo Junior Denardi, Natacha Malu Miranda da Costa, Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto, Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Richard J. Miron, Roberta Okamoto, Michel Reis Messora
In an unprecedented way, the present study evaluated with proper statistical power the biological impact of PRF matrices produced from different centrifugation angles on bone regeneration. Membranes produced by horizontal centrifugation provided higher values of BV, Tb. N, ANB, and higher expression of Alizarin, compared to those produced by centrifuges with fixed-angle rotors. In fact, over the years, new protocols have been proposed based on concepts of low speed and reduced time centrifugation, such as A-PRF and i-PRF, in addition to the introduction of horizontal centrifugation (H-PRF), to improve the structural characteristics of PRF membranes and increase the bioavailability of cells and growth factors, which could potentiate their regenerative effects.1,14,24,25,28,47,52,53