The safety and quality of food
Geoffrey P. Webb in Nutrition, 2019
Most experts believe that the residues of agricultural chemicals in foods represent no significant hazard to consumers when current regulations are adhered to and most cases of acute poisoning resulting from the ingestion of agricultural chemical have arisen because of their misuse including the examples listed as follows. Confusion of an agricultural chemical with a common, harmless food ingredient like sugar or salt.Eating of seeds intended for planting and treated with a fungicide. In the late 1950s more than 3000 people in Turkey were affected by hexachlorobenzene poisoning after eating seed grain intended for planting. The symptoms included hair loss, ulcerated skin lesions, liver and thyroid enlargement and there was a 10% mortality rate. This chemical is now officially banned. Agricultural misuse of a chemical. In 1985 in the USA, almost 1400 people became ill after eating watermelons which had been treated with an insecticide called aldicarb, resulting in symptoms that included nausea, diarrhoea, headache, blurred vision and disturbances of balance. Use of this insecticide on watermelons is banned because it is known to become concentrated in the edible part of the fruit.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
Different types of neoplasm have been reported such as breast cancer, testicular cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.742–744 Van Maele-Fabry et al.745–747 pointed out exposure to pesticides as a possible risk factor for prostate cancer and leukemia by a meta-analysis of risk estimates in pesticide manufacturing workers. In a series of agricultural health studies, Lee et al.748–750 found an association between exposure to pesticides and cancer incidence, particularly lymphohematopoietic cancers for alachlor, lung cancer for chlorpyrifos, and colorectal cancer for aldicarb. Nowadays, chronic low-dose exposure to pesticides is considered as one of the important risk factors for cancer expansion. According to a new list of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by EPA's Pesticide Program published in 2010, more than 70 pesticides have been classified as a probable or possible carcinogen.
Managing chemical hazards *
Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse in Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
As an example, consider the calculation of RI for aldicarb potential contamination of groundwater sources of drinking water in California. Data from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation indicated that, in 2003, 118,887 kg of aldicarb were applied to crops in California and total pesticide use in the state was approximately 13 million kg. Table 25.3shows additional data required to compute the RI for aldicarb. Using the data in Table 25.3, the RI for aldicarb can be computed as follows:
Isocyanate induces cytotoxicity via activation of phosphorylated alpha synuclein protein, nitrosative stress, and apoptotic pathway in Parkinson’s Disease model-SHSY-5Y cells
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Zeba Khan, Sharique A. Ali
In this investigation, NSMC-induced cellular toxicity in SHSY-5Y cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Our results demonstrated that NSMC incited cytotoxicity in a concentration‐and time‐dependent way. Our findings are in agreement with a study conducted by Panwar et al. [19] which showed that NSMC induces cell death in cultured human lymphocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Also, Azad et al. [20] revealed that NSMC caused a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Another study done by Ruiz et al. [24] showed that one of the carbamate pesticides, aldicarb, showed cellular toxicity through MTT assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our results revealed that a concentration above 0.1 µM induces much more cytotoxicity as compared to lower concentrations of NSMC. A study by Mishra et al. [25] showed that a 0.005 µM concentration of NSMC induces cell death in cultured NIH3T3 mouse cells. They linked cell death with the activation of DNA damage pathways.
Toxicological and biochemical studies for chlorpyrifos insecticide on some mosquito larvae and their associated predators
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Shaimaa H. Mohammed, Randa I. Eltaly, Hend H. Salem
The results agree with [43], who suggested that occurrence of OP have great risk to all aquatic environments. Inhibition (AChE) is a specific target site to both OP and carbamate insecticides, like OP pesticide chlorpyrifos, aldicarb also affects acetylcholinesterase activity [44]. As well as, GST are most important detoxifying enzymes [45], so the mode of action of insecticides is responsible the toxicity degree to all organisms. Aquatic insects usually have high susceptibility to most types of insecticides because they have many physiological features share with the target insects [39].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cholinesterase
- Insecticide
- Organophosphate
- Carbamate
- Nematicide
- Potato
- Epa List of Extremely Hazardous Substances
- Peanut