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An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Equisetum arvense (Figure 7.43) is a perennial plant growing up to 0.6 m. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil. They are rich in silica and contain several alkaloids (including nicotine) and various minerals. Horsetail is very astringent and makes an excellent clotting agent, staunching wounds, stopping nosebleeds, and reducing the coughing up of blood. The plant is anodyne, antihemorrhagic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, galactogogue, hemostatic, and vulnerary. The plant is a useful diuretic when taken internally and is used in the treatment of kidney and bladder problems, cystitis, urethritis, prostate disease and internal bleeding, proving especially useful when there is bleeding in the urinary tract. The plant contains equisetic acid, which is thought to be identical to aconitic acid. This substance is a potent heart and nerve sedative that is a dangerous poison when taken in high doses. In industry, it is used for making polish, dye, sandpaper, and fungicide (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Al Snafi, 2017).
A metabolomic study on the anti-depressive effects of two active components from Chrysanthemum morifolium
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Tong Liu, Ning Zhou, Ruihao Xu, Yangang Cao, Yanli Zhang, Zhen Liu, Xiaoke Zheng, Weisheng Feng
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that oxidative stress is elevated in major depressive disorders [34]. Meanwhile, evidence that successful anti-depressant treatment may improve oxidative stress status [35]. As shown in Figure 6, citric acid is catalyzed by aconitase to form cis-aconitic acid [36]. cis-Aconitic acid is related to oxidative stress. During stages of electrophilic stress, cis-aconitic acid can react with superoxide to form ˙OH, rendering them inactive [37]. After the administration of Chr/Nar, the level of citric acid did not increase, while the level of cis-aconitic acid increased significantly and indicated that Chr and Nar may convert more citric acid into cis-aconitic acid by promoting the expression of aconitase to ameliorates the deficiency of cis-aconitic acid secretion in depressed mice. Therefore, Chr/Nar could promote the expression of aconitase to improve oxidative stress of depressed mice.