Marine Bioactive Compounds: Innovative Trends in Food and Medicine
Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
In developing countries, the major prevailing disease is hypertension (high blood pressure) that is a major risk factor for congestive heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and arteriosclerosis, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase) plays a vital role in blood pressure regulation and also in cardiovas cular function by changing the decapeptide angiotensin-I to the vasoconstricting octapeptide angiotensin II. In addition to it, angiotensin II inactivates bradykinin, which causes the increase in blood pressure in the arteries.62, 80 Therefore, the ACE inhibitor is a powerful agent to treat heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and high blood pressure. Three types of ACE inhibitors are produced to control blood pressure, such as captopril having sulfhydryl moiety, fosinopril having a phosphorous group, and on the basis of ligand on the active site on ACE.
Specific Antihypertensive Drugs
Julian Tudor Hart in Hypertension, 2018
Apart from this effect in heart failure, the main potential advantage of ACE inhibitors is that they do not have the marginally harmful effects on blood cholesterol and glucose tolerance known to occur with thiazides and beta-blockers. In the one-third of people of ACE inhibitors who have to take thiazides to obtain good blood pressure control, this argument is obviously weakened. Against this we must weigh the lack of evidence about their long term effects, bearing in mind that, as each new group of antihypertensive drugs was introduced, there were similar high hopes that they would solve all our problems. Generally speaking, these hopes have not been realized; there is no substitute for large, independently conducted long term controlled trials, and no such trial results are yet available for ACE inhibitors.
Urological and Biochemical Aspects of Transplantation Biology
Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George in The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
In the early postoperative period, fluid management and blood pressure are the most important aspects, as vascular thrombosis and pulmonary edema are serious consequences of both extremes of fluid state. Immunosuppression should be modified to obtain suitable levels of calcineurin antagonists. The patients have generally been on antihypertensive agents, and these may not be suitable after a transplant. ACE inhibitors can often be used safely later, but renal impairment at this time complicates the recipients’ management. Antiviral prophylaxis is common for cytomegalovirus (CMV), especially if the donor has been exposed to this infection before and the recipient has not. Gangciclovir, valacyclovir, or valganciclovir can be used in this situation, though many units choose to monitor for CMV by PCR and treat only when viremia develops.
Treating cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy: a role for new pharmacotherapies
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Nathalie Donis, Cécile Oury, Marie Moonen, Patrizio Lancellotti
ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension or congestive heart failure. Several studies showed that treating experimental animals with ACE inhibitors (such as captopril or ramipril) or angiotensin receptor blocker (such as losartan) reduces radiation-induced injury of normal tissue [93–96]. One team studied the effect of ramipril on both tumor and normal tissue and observed that ACE inhibitors did not decrease the antitumoral effect of RT, whereas they reduced normal tissue radiation-induced injury [94]. Many tissues were investigated, including lungs and skin, but a recent study also paid attention to cardiac tissue and observed that ACE inhibitors reduce cardiac fibrosis and prevent cardiopulmonary function impairment induced by radiation [97]. Two retrospective studies also assessed the effect of ACE inhibitors intake in patients treated by RT on radiation-induced pneumonitis. However, controversial results came out, possibly due to different RT protocols between the two studies [98,99]. Prospective studies need to be conducted to assess with certainty the potential benefits of ACE inhibitors to prevent RICVD.
MiR155-5p in adventitial fibroblasts-derived extracellular vesicles inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via suppressing angiotensin-converting enzyme expression
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2020
Xing-Sheng Ren, Ying Tong, Yun Qiu, Chao Ye, Nan Wu, Xiao-Qing Xiong, Jue-Jin Wang, Ying Han, Ye-Bo Zhou, Feng Zhang, Hai-Jian Sun, Xing-Ya Gao, Qi Chen, Yue-Hua Li, Yu-Ming Kang, Guo-Qing Zhu
ACE inhibitors are effective drugs used in the treatment of hypertension. Millions of people take ACE inhibitors to lower their blood pressure. These drugs are relatively safe in short-term treatment, but concerns have been raised about a possible association of their long-term use with an increased risk of cancer. In a recent large, population based cohort study, the use of ACE inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Among people using ACE inhibitors for more than five years, the increased risk may be as high as 14% [50]. Our study shows that miR155-5p might be used to inhibit ACE expression. It is very interesting that repetitive intravenous injection of WKY-EVs attenuated hypertension and vascular remodelling accompanied with increased vascular miR155-5p and reduced ACE in the SHR. The anti-hypertension effect of WKY-EVs seems a little slow and mild compared with that of miR155-5p overexpression, which may be attributed to the rapidly and greatly increased miR155-5p level in the rats with miR155-5p overexpression. We speculate that the EVs containing more miR155-5p might cause greater effects than the isolated EVs from AFs. There might be a potential prospect that a special kind of exosomes for miR155-5p delivery was designed and used to reducing ACE expression, attenuating vascular remodelling in hypertension, which need further investigation.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor potentiates the hypoglycaemic effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Esther Oluwasola Aluko, Victor Udo Nna, Adesoji Adedipe Fasanmade
The present study observed a significant increase in blood pressure in L-NAME treated rats at the eighth week and at the end of the study, consistent with documented data (Nyadjeu et al.2013, Salami et al.2017). The effect of L-NAME on blood pressure increases with time, as this study observed that the blood pressure recorded at the end of the study was significantly higher than that recorded at the eighth week. L-NAME has been reported to have dose and time dependent effect on blood pressure (Arnal et al. 1992, Rodriguez-Gomez et al. 2003). Ramipril effectively restored the blood pressure of the hypertensive group towards normal, despite being co-administered with L-NAME. ACE inhibitor has been demonstrated to assuage L-NAME hypertension (Linz et al. 1995, Herman and Bhimji 2017). ACE catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and has also been reported to cause the deactivation of kallikrein–kinin system which is known to stimulate the production of NO (Mombouli and Vanhoutte 1995), and prostaglandin release (Mombouli et al. 1992). Thus, ACE inhibitor augments NO production besides it inhibitory effect on angiotensin II production, and these consequently decrease blood pressure.
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