Imaging of Hypoxia, Apoptosis, and Inflammation
George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos in Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
The 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonylisatin class of nonpeptidyl caspase inhibitors, which binds to the cysteine residue of the active site of a given caspase, has been used for apoptosis imaging. However, caspase 3 activation does not selectively involve only apoptosis (Spires-Jones et al. 2008). As a result, a 2′-fluoroethyl-1,2,3-triazole with a subnanomolar affinity for caspase 3 has been identified. This agent demonstrates high labeling efficiencies and high in vivo stability, as well as rapid uptake and elimination. At present, PET imaging using 18F-labeled isatin analogues, such as the 18F-labeled isatin 18F-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase 11 (ICMT-11) labeled by click radiochemistry, is under investigation as to determine their role as apoptotic radiotracers (Chen et al. 2009; Nguyen et al. 2009).
Endocrine Therapies
David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz in Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Vorozole (RivizorTM) is an imidazole-based competitive aromatase inhibitor closely related in structure to anastrozole and letrozole that was first reported (known as R-76713) and patented in 1988 by Janssen (Figure 8.15). Unlike anastrozole and letrozole, the four groupings around the central carbon are nonidentical and include a chlorinated benzene ring and a 1-methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole ring system in addition to the usual triazole ring. Thus, the molecule is chiral, and resolution of its two enantiomers was reported in 1994. Preclinical studies were encouraging, and the molecule was shown to selectively suppress estrogen production in animal models, confirming it as a specific aromatase inhibitor.
Ribavirin
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
There is some fecal excretion and modest retention in erythrocytes and in the CSF. The major metabolite of ribavirin is 1,2,3-triazole-3-carboxamide, and the plasma concentration of this metabolite is significantly higher after oral administration than after intravenous therapy (Paroni et al., 1989). Total body clearance is in the range of 26 l/hour in adults with a mean weight of 86.3 kg; taking weight into account ribavirin clearance in adults is 0.3 l/kg per hour (Barnes and Dourson, 1988; Ito and Koren, 1993). The elimination half-life of ribavirin is approximately 2 weeks (Roberts et al., 1987).
DFT based QSAR study on quinolone-triazole derivatives as antibacterial agents
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Niloofar Ghasedi, Shahin Ahmadi, Sepideh Ketabi, Ali Almasirad
Triazoles, including 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole, are one of the most important classes of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Triazole derivatives exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-malarial, anti-fungal, anti-HIV, and anti-tuberculous properties [4,5]. The triazole moiety can affect the molecule's lipophilicity, polarity, and hydrogen bonding capacity, improving the compounds' pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and physicochemical properties. Therefore, these derivatives play a significant role in developing new drugs [6,7]. Quinolone-triazole derivatives are a new class of hybrid molecules studied in recent years, and already synthesized samples have shown good antibacterial activity, mostly higher than the reference antibiotics [8–11].
Discovery of novel mRNA demethylase FTO inhibitors against esophageal cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Bo Qin, Qian Bai, Dan Yan, Fanxiang Yin, Zhu Zhu, Chaoyuan Xia, Yang Yang, Yi Zhao
1,2,3-Triazole as one of the most important classes of nitrogen-containing heterocycle exhibits potent anticancer activity6. 1,2,3-triazole-benzoxazole hybrid 1 (Figure 1) displayed antiproliferative activity against SKBr3, HepG2, and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 7.1, 11.2, and 6.8 μg/mL7. 1,2,3-Triazole-benzisoxazole hybrid 2 showed antiproliferative activity against MOLM13, MOLM14, and MV4-11 cell lines8. Hybrid 3 inhibited migration and mammosphere formation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2-M phase against breast cancer cells9. On the other hand, pyridine derivatives also have a wide-range of therapeutic applications in the area of drug discovery10. Pyridine analogue FTO-IN-5 (Figure 1) as a selective FTO inhibitor could decrease the viability of acute monocytic leukaemia cells and increase the level of N6-methyladenosine in mRNA11. Pyridine analogue FTO-IN-6 selectively inhibited FTO and formed hydrogen bonds with residues Ser318 and Tyr29512.
Novel 3-chloro-6-nitro-1H-indazole derivatives as promising antileishmanial candidates: synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modelling studies
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed Abdelahi, Youness El Bakri, Chin-Hung Lai, Karthikeyan Subramani, El Hassane Anouar, Sajjad Ahmad, Mohammed Benchidmi, Joel T. Mague, Jelena Popović-Djordjević, Souraya Goumri-Said
1,2,3-triazole, obtained by highly versatile, efficacious, and selective “Click Reaction” has become a synthetic/medicinal chemist’s favourite not only because of its ability to mimic different functional groups but also due to enhancement in the targeted biological activities. Triazole ring has also been shown to play a critical role in biomolecular mimetics, fragment-based drug design, and bio-orthogonal methodologies. 1,2,3-triazole derivatives possess significant biological and pharmacological properties, inclusive of anti-Alzheimer’s disease19,20, anticancer21,22, antimalarial23,24, antitubercular25,26, antiviral27,28, and antibacterial activity29. Therefore, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are privileged scaffolds for the development of novel drugs35–38.
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