Social and Psychological Factors in Breast-feeding
Frank Falkner in Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
There is often substantial overlap in the factors that influence the initial decision about feeding mode and those that influence duration. For example, lack of confidence in the ability to breast-feed may lead one woman to decide to bottle-feed from birth, while the same situation leads a woman who selected breast-feeding to conclude that her milk isn’t “sufficient” to satisfy her infant and to make an early shift to the bottle. Similarly, a woman may select bottle-feeding as the feeding mode because she plans to return to paid employment outside the home; while another woman initially breast-feeds, but shifts to the bottle at 3-4 weeks postpartum because she returns to her job. Another maintains breast-feeding for many months but practices “mixed feeding” (breast and bottle) when she returns to work. The discussion below explores the social and psychological factors influencing breast-feeding from the perspective of both selection of feeding mode and duration.
The Development of Eating Behaviors
Emily Crews Splane, Neil E. Rowland, Anaya Mitra in Psychology of Eating, 2019
Some research suggests that infants and young children (~two months to three years) have internal controls for caloric regulation and that these controls are less effective in older children. For example, Fomon et al. (1975) found that six-week-old infants consumed more of dilute (~5 kcal/ml) than dense (~10 kcal/ml) formula. However, over time, they did not achieve perfect caloric compensation. That is, the volume consumed of the half-strength formula was not double that of the high strength. Recall what you read earlier in this chapter about formula feeding (or bottle feeding) in general: It is an externally imposed regimen of size and time and although these are young infants, they presumably already have had a lot of prior bottle feedings. Thus, these infants may already have learned about portion size and average caloric yield, and so their adaptation to this caloric manipulation may be compromised or limited by prior experience. Other findings indicate that overall energy intake remains constant when solid foods are added to the diets of breast-fed babies, meaning that the infants compensate for the added calories by consuming less breast milk (Savage, Fisher & Birch, 2007).
Feeding your baby
Elaine A Hanzak in Another Twinkle in the Eye, 2017
To mothers I would recommend that you are kind to yourselves. If you really want to breastfeed, ensure that you have the support that is needed. Find out during pregnancy where and who can offer help as soon as you have the baby. If you decide that you would rather bottle-feed, or combine breastfeeding with bottle-feeding, then make arrangements accordingly. I include links to resources at the end of the chapter. If your own needs or those of your baby change, then allow yourself to be at peace with the decision. Make sure that you find out if there have been any new products or changes in equipment since your previous days of feeding a baby. I only discovered breast shells late into that stage – they are brilliant to pop over one nipple as baby feeds from the other. I was able to collect enough milk for someone else to give him a feed.
Investigation into the flow rate of bottle teats typically used on an Australian neonatal unit
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2022
Siew-Lian Crossley, Kate Duthie, Melinda Newton, Celia Harding
Learning to feed, for infants on Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) who are born prematurely or those who are medically fragile can be a lengthy process (Almeida, Almeida, Moreira, & Novak, 2011). Infants need time to establish the ability to coordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing, alongside physiological and neurological maturation so that safe oral feeding can develop (Jadcherla, Wang, Vijayapal, & Leuthner, 2010). Subsequently, establishing oral feeding can take time and delay discharge home from the NICU (Browne & Ross, 2011). Not all mothers who have infants in neonatal care are able to establish exclusive breastfeeding, and bottle feeding is therefore necessary. However, selecting the right bottle to suit an infant’s level of oral skill in relation to texture and flow is a complex process.
Development of a Foundation Protocol for Feeding Complex Care Neonates and Enablers and Barriers to Its Implementation
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2022
Three main themes in the protocols influenced their design and transferability to other neonatal units. These were as follows: populations within the protocol NICU (neonates, healthcare workers, and parents), feeding within an overall developmental care framework and nutrition. Infant populations identified were ill or fragile (premature or term) (Edwards & Spatz, 2010; Philbin & Ross, 2011; Shaker & Werner Woida, 2007; Spatz, 2004), general cardiac surgical (Ehrmann et al., 2018,9; Gephart et al., 2018) and specifically those infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (Braudis et al., 2009). Infants were also categorized as breastfeeding and/or bottle feeding (Philbin & Ross, 2011,6; Torowicz et al., 2012). Infant cues and behaviors are central considerations in oral suck feed protocols that are described as “infant led” (Chrupcala et al., 2015). Initiation and progression of enteral nutrition and/or suck feeding is most frequently directed by health professionals. This includes nurses, speech therapists, dieticians, specialist medical teams or by multidisciplinary input (Braudis et al., 2009; Lisanti et al., 2016). Families are actively involved in implementing feeding protocols through participation in multidisciplinary developmental rounds, documenting care interventions and responses during oral suck feeds, or by taking responsibility for production, storage, and quality evaluation of breast milk (Lisanti et al., 2016; Spatz, 2004; Torowicz et al., 2012).
Unintentional poisoning from decanted toxic household chemicals
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Katharina von Fabeck, Audrey Boulamery, Corinne Schmitt, Mathieu Glaizal, Luc de Haro, Nicolas Simon
In total, 52 children (26 males, 26 females) up to the age of 17 were unintentionally exposed following a transfer of toxic substances inside secondary containers. We were contacted for seven children up to the age of 1 year, for 28 children between 2 and 6 years, and for 17 children between 7 and 17 years. Three-year-olds were the most common age group exposed (n = 11). The exposure circumstances in children varied with the age of the child. Children under one year were exclusively exposed because their parents prepared the baby bottle with a product transferred into a water bottle. The circumstances for exposures in toddlers was escaping their parents’ supervision, the circumstances for older children were the same as for adults: intention to drink the container’s original product. One girl of 11 years presented a severe Poisoning Severity Score, one girl of 21 months a moderate one. The other outcomes varied equally between none and minor.
Related Knowledge Centers
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