Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy (RRFT)
Anka A. Vujanovic, Sudie E. Back in Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders, 2019
The RRFT model is appropriate for adolescent girls and boys who have experienced any form of trauma, including but not limited to sexual abuse and assault, physical abuse and assault, exposure to domestic violence, community violence, and traumatic grief. Notably, youth are not required to meet full diagnostic criteria for PTSD or SUD to be eligible for RRFT. With regard to symptoms, RRFT was developed to address co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems associated with traumatic stress. Youth most likely to benefit from RRFT demonstrate (a) clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress (i.e., a diagnosis of PTSD or subclinical PTSD symptoms associated with distress or impairment) and (b) past or current substance use. Youth with markedly elevated risk for future substance use (e.g., strong family history of substance abuse, affiliation with substance-using peers, inadequate parental monitoring) also may benefit from the risk reduction elements of RRFT. Adolescents may also have other emotional and behavioral problems, such as depression, nonsuicidal self-injury, and risky sexual behavior. Youth do not need to demonstrate all the different types of challenges or problems represented by the RRFT intervention components for RRFT to be used; each component is emphasized to varying degrees based on the needs of each youth and family.
Psychological responses to stress and exercise on students’ lives
Romain Meeusen, Sabine Schaefer, Phillip Tomporowski, Richard Bailey in Physical Activity and Educational Achievement, 2017
Schools are an optimal place for children and adolescents to improve their knowledge. However, many negative aspects can occur at school age (Figure 7.1). Following the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health guide to healthy adolescent development, adolescents have different stressors (causes of stress) such as pressure for career decisions, for clothes and style choices, and for experimenting with drugs, alcohol and sex, dating and friendship relationships (McNeely & Blanchard, 2010). In addition, they can have problems with their body image, physical and cognitive changes of puberty, conflicts with parents, violence and others things related to social life (McNeely & Blanchard, 2010). Although sports in school can be an optimal tool for improving several health aspects, academic achievement and social life, amongst others that will be discussed in this chapter, there is a small scientific background in youth sport guidelines, rules and regulations (Merkel, 2013). Some competitive teams can stimulate intense psychological pressure to achieve positive results and then very stressful training has to be done, aiming for optimal performance during competition. These and other factors can explain the increased rate of sports injuries (Adirim & Cheng, 2003).
Medical matters
Roslyn Rogers, Anita Unruh in Managing Persistent Pain in Adolescents, 2017
Mental and physical stress is more often a trigger in TTH. These adolescents are not exposed to higher levels of external stressors but their perception of stress is more negative with feelings of pressure and frustration, fear of failure, problems with others and bullying identified. Headaches arise frequently during school hours but most children with TTH headache do not miss school and function well in spite of pain. School absenteeism is more frequent in children with migraines, with the intensity of the headache relating to the degree of disability. Children who seek help for headaches are likely to have severe or unusual headaches, including a combination of migraine and TTH. It is suggested that school attendance or medication use is not a reliable measure of treatment outcome, but that social functioning such as peer relations, leisure and school work may be better measures.
Adolescent and youth responses to the Global Gag Rule in Nepal
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2020
In many developing countries, adolescents and youth face barriers accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services including for family planning, contraceptives and safe abortion, due to country-specific restrictive laws and policies, based on age or marital status, regarding provision of these life-saving services. The United Nations defines adolescents as those persons aged between 10 and 19 years, and youth as those between the ages of 15 and 24 years, without prejudice to other definitions by Member States. Together, adolescents and youth are referred to as young people, encompassing the ages of 10–24 years.1,2 This article aims to describe the situation of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Nepal and share our organisation’s experiences of how the expanded GGR has affected SRH.
Peer Educators as Partners in Sexual Health Programming: A Case Study
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
Sonya Panjwani, Whitney R. Garney, Kathy Harms, Sharon Rodine, Kobi M. Ajayi, Shelby C. Lautner, Kelly Wilson
This paper presents a case in which teenage peer educators work in conjunction with adult program implementers to deliver adolescent sexual health programming within schools. Adolescence, defined as ages 10–19 years, is a phase in human development that is associated with rapid and significant changes (World Health Organization, 2020). This phase constitutes a transition from childhood to adulthood and affects how adolescents feel, think, make decisions, and interact with their environment. In many ways, adolescents’ development may cause emotional, behavioral, and social problems (Steinberg & Morris, 2001). Due to the unique changes that have immediate and lifelong health consequences not only on themselves but on those around them (e.g., friends, family), this phase requires specific attention in health programs.
Perceived Mental Healthcare Barriers and Health-seeking Behavior of African-American Caregivers of Adolescents with Mental Health Disorders
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
Nneka Jon-Ubabuco, Jane Dimmitt Champion
Adolescents are vulnerable to physical, emotional, and hormonal changes that can result in increased mood issues, increased risk-taking behaviors, and decreased communication and help-seeking behaviors. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2014) indicates suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals aged 10–24 years. African-American adolescents are disproportionately more likely to be affected by mental health issues and mental illness. African-American adolescents are at risk due to intrinsic emotional factors (depressed mood, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation) and extrinsic factors (socioeconomic status, family structure/dynamics, and social networks). Despite this risk, African-American adolescents are less likely to receive mental health treatment. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2015) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics reported that 9.1% African-American adolescents reported a major depressive episode within the past year while only 40.6% of them received treatment. These findings indicate a need for understanding of African-American caregiver perceptions of barriers to mental health care for these adolescents.
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